Network analysis of Netflix data
Nhi Hin
2021-04-27
Last updated: 2021-05-12
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Knit directory: TidyTuesday/
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Background
The dataset for this week’s TidyTuesday relates to Netflix shows/movies and their directors and cast. More info in the links below:
https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/blob/master/data/2021/2021-04-20/readme.md
https://www.kaggle.com/shivamb/netflix-shows?select=netflix_titles.csv
From the Kaggle page, they have the following suggestions for exploring the data.
Inspiration
Some of the interesting questions (tasks) which can be performed on this dataset:
Understanding what content is available in different countries Identifying similar content by matching text-based features Network analysis of Actors / Directors and find interesting insights Is Netflix has increasingly focusing on TV rather than movies in recent years.
- I’m going to try to explore the network analysis of actors/directors.
Import Data
- The data contains a range of years, but as I’m on a macbook, building a network is slow with the full dataset. I am subsetting the data based on the past 5 years.
tuesdata <- tidytuesdayR::tt_load(2021, week = 17)--- Compiling #TidyTuesday Information for 2021-04-20 ------- There is 1 file available ------ Starting Download ---
Downloading file 1 of 1: `netflix_titles.csv`--- Download complete ---netflix_titles <- tuesdata$netflix
netflix_titles$release_year %>% unique() [1] 2020 2016 2011 2009 2008 2019 1997 2017 2018 2014 2015 2010 2005 2013 2012
[16] 2006 2000 2003 1989 2004 1977 1971 1993 2007 1998 1988 1996 2002 1986 1990
[31] 1979 1980 1974 2001 1999 1966 1991 1982 1994 1995 1978 1992 1972 1975 2021
[46] 1973 1967 1960 1981 1958 1976 1968 1956 1985 1965 1984 1983 1987 1945 1946
[61] 1962 1925 1942 1969 1955 1963 1964 1954 1970 1944 1947 1959 1943netflix_titles %<>%
dplyr::filter(release_year %in% c(2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021))- First we need to get the data into long form as follows. There is probably a quicker way of doing this but it works OK for now. (Edit: use
separate_rowsin future.)
netflix_titles_long <- netflix_titles %>%
dplyr::select(show_id, title, director, cast)%>%
dplyr::filter(!is.na(director)) %>%
rowwise() %>%
dplyr::mutate(cast = cast %>% strsplit(., split = ", ")) %>%
tidyr::unnest_longer(col = cast) %>%
ungroup()
head(netflix_titles_long)# A tibble: 6 x 4
show_id title director cast
<chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Amina Khalil
2 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Ahmed Dawood
3 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Tarek Lotfy
4 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Ahmed El Fishawy
5 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Mahmoud Hijazi
6 s7 122 Yasir Al Yasiri Jihane Khalil Nodes and Edges Tables
From the long version of the data, we can prepare node and edge tables which can then be imported into Gephi for visualisation.
Note:
igraphis also apparently good for network visualisation within R but I have not used it yet! Will come back to try to reimplement in igraph another time.
Nodes table
The intention is to make a heterogenous/mixed network where we want the nodes to represent: ID of movie, director, cast. This means that each of these will be a row in the nodes table.
I will also join the movie titles on there as well in case we need them for visualisation purposes later.
nodes <- data.frame(
Id = c(unique(netflix_titles_long$show_id),
unique(netflix_titles_long$director),
unique(netflix_titles_long$cast))
) %>%
dplyr::mutate(NodeType = c(rep("Show", length(unique(netflix_titles_long$show_id))),
rep("Director", length(unique(netflix_titles_long$director))),
rep("Cast", length(unique(netflix_titles_long$cast)))
)) %>%
left_join(netflix_titles_long[, c("show_id", "title")],
by = c("Id"="show_id")) %>%
dplyr::rename(Label = title) %>%
dplyr::distinct(Id, Label, .keep_all=TRUE) %>%
dplyr::mutate(Label = gsub(x = Label, pattern = "#", replacement = "")) %>%
dplyr::filter(!is.na(Id))Edges Table
The edges represent connections, in this case, we will plot the following edges on the network:
- show_id to director: Indicates director directed a movie
- show_id to cast: Indicates cast involved in a movie
- director to cast: Indicates director working with cast
The structure of the edges table should include the
SourceandTargetcolumns for import into Gephi.
showIdToDirector <- netflix_titles_long %>%
dplyr::select(show_id, director) %>%
dplyr::distinct(show_id, director) %>%
set_colnames(c("Source", "Target"))
showIdToCast <- netflix_titles_long %>%
dplyr::select(show_id, cast) %>%
dplyr::distinct(show_id, cast) %>%
set_colnames(c("Source", "Target"))
directorToCast <- netflix_titles_long %>%
dplyr::select(director, cast) %>%
dplyr::distinct(director, cast) %>%
set_colnames(c("Source", "Target"))
edges <- bind_rows(showIdToDirector,
showIdToCast,
directorToCast) %>%
dplyr::filter(!is.na(Source), !is.na(Target))Export Node and Edge tables for Gephi
nodes %>% readr::write_csv(here("output", "nodes2.csv"))
edges %>% readr::write_csv(here("output", "edges2.csv"))Gephi Network Analysis steps
This has essentially been adapted from this tutorial: http://www.martingrandjean.ch/gephi-introduction/
Import both the nodes and edges tables into Gephi using
File > Import Spreadsheet.In the importing options, I set the graph as being
undirectedand chose to merge both spreadsheets into a new workspace.I set colours according to the
NodeTypecolumn we made in the nodes table, and size according to Degree (i.e. number of nodes that each node is connected to).For laying out the graph, I applied “Random Layout”, followed by “Force Atlas 2” (initial layout), and “Yifan Hu” to increase the visual separation of the nodes a bit more.
The final result!
sessionInfo()R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Mojave 10.14.6
Matrix products: default
BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRblas.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
locale:
[1] en_AU.UTF-8/en_AU.UTF-8/en_AU.UTF-8/C/en_AU.UTF-8/en_AU.UTF-8
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] here_1.0.1 purrr_0.3.4 tidyr_1.1.2 magrittr_2.0.1
[5] dplyr_1.0.4 workflowr_1.6.2
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] Rcpp_1.0.6 cellranger_1.1.0 pillar_1.4.7 compiler_4.0.3
[5] later_1.1.0.1 git2r_0.28.0 tools_4.0.3 digest_0.6.27
[9] jsonlite_1.7.2 lubridate_1.7.9.2 evaluate_0.14 lifecycle_0.2.0
[13] tibble_3.0.6 pkgconfig_2.0.3 rlang_0.4.10 cli_2.3.0
[17] rstudioapi_0.13 curl_4.3 yaml_2.2.1 xfun_0.21
[21] xml2_1.3.2 stringr_1.4.0 tidytuesdayR_1.0.1 httr_1.4.2
[25] knitr_1.31 hms_1.0.0 generics_0.1.0 fs_1.5.0
[29] vctrs_0.3.6 rprojroot_2.0.2 tidyselect_1.1.0 glue_1.4.2
[33] R6_2.5.0 fansi_0.4.2 readxl_1.3.1 rmarkdown_2.6
[37] selectr_0.4-2 readr_1.4.0 whisker_0.4 usethis_2.0.1
[41] promises_1.1.1 ellipsis_0.3.1 htmltools_0.5.1.1 assertthat_0.2.1
[45] rvest_0.3.6 httpuv_1.5.5 utf8_1.1.4 stringi_1.5.3
[49] crayon_1.4.1