Load Libraries

library(Seurat)
library(WGCNA)
library(cluster)
library(parallelDist)
library(ggsci)
library(emmeans)
library(lme4)
library(ggbeeswarm)
library(genefilter)
library(tidyverse)
library(reshape2)
library(igraph)
library(gProfileR)
library(ggpubr)
library(princurve)
library(here)
library(cowplot)

Extract Cells for WGCNA

Calculate Pseudoventricle Scores

pcembed <- as.matrix(Embeddings(ventric, reduction = "pca")[,c(1:2)])
y <- principal_curve(pcembed)
color <- as.factor(ventric$predicted.id)
levels(color) <- c("#E41A1C", "#377EB8", "#4DAF4A", "#984EA3")
df = data.frame(y$s[order(y$lambda), ])
colnames(df) = c("x", "y")
points <- data.frame(id = ventric$predicted.id, Embeddings(ventric, reduction = "pca")[,c(1:2)])
rand <- sample(nrow(points), 3000)
princ_plot <- ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y)) +
  geom_point(data = points[rand,], aes(x=PC_1, y=PC_2, colour=factor(id)), size = 2, inherit.aes = F, alpha=0.5) + 
  geom_line(size = 2, color = "black") + 
  theme_pubr(legend = "none") + 
  xlim(c(-20,10)) + coord_flip() + xlab("PC_1") + ylab("PC_2") + theme( axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))
ventric$height <- y$lambda
princ_plot

Warning: Removed 37 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: Removed 122 rows containing missing values (geom_path).

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-4-1.png

Calculate softpower

enableWGCNAThreads()

Allowing parallel execution with up to 79 working processes.

datExpr<-as.matrix(t(ventric[["SCT"]]@scale.data[ventric[["SCT"]]@var.features,]))
gsg = goodSamplesGenes(datExpr, verbose = 3)

 Flagging genes and samples with too many missing values...
  ..step 1

powers = c(c(1:10), seq(from = 12, to=40, by=2))
sft=pickSoftThreshold(datExpr,dataIsExpr = TRUE, powerVector = powers, corOptions = list(use = 'p'), 
                      networkType = "signed")

   Power SFT.R.sq  slope truncated.R.sq  mean.k. median.k.   max.k.
1      1  0.25800 164.00          0.536 2.50e+03  2.50e+03 2.53e+03
2      2  0.19200  73.30          0.572 1.25e+03  1.25e+03 1.28e+03
3      3  0.12600  38.60          0.604 6.26e+02  6.26e+02 6.46e+02
4      4  0.09260  24.20          0.644 3.13e+02  3.13e+02 3.28e+02
5      5  0.04690  14.10          0.664 1.57e+02  1.57e+02 1.66e+02
6      6  0.02260   8.43          0.662 7.86e+01  7.85e+01 8.45e+01
7      7  0.00326   2.68          0.666 3.93e+01  3.93e+01 4.30e+01
8      8  0.01880  -5.74          0.627 1.97e+01  1.97e+01 2.19e+01
9      9  0.06610  -9.63          0.614 9.87e+00  9.85e+00 1.12e+01
10    10  0.20800 -14.80          0.560 4.94e+00  4.93e+00 5.74e+00
11    12  0.67700 -22.60          0.614 1.24e+00  1.24e+00 1.56e+00
12    14  0.54100 -27.90          0.410 3.12e-01  3.10e-01 4.66e-01
13    16  0.55300 -22.30          0.439 7.85e-02  7.79e-02 1.54e-01
14    18  0.48400 -15.00          0.398 1.98e-02  1.96e-02 5.76e-02
15    20  0.42200  -9.40          0.311 5.00e-03  4.92e-03 2.47e-02
16    22  0.44500  -7.06          0.311 1.27e-03  1.24e-03 1.19e-02
17    24  0.44300  -6.08          0.360 3.24e-04  3.11e-04 6.21e-03
18    26  0.44600  -4.65          0.291 8.42e-05  7.83e-05 3.43e-03
19    28  0.48400  -4.19          0.341 2.25e-05  1.97e-05 1.96e-03
20    30  0.49100  -3.41          0.370 6.36e-06  4.97e-06 1.15e-03
21    32  0.42700  -2.89          0.264 1.97e-06  1.25e-06 6.79e-04
22    34  0.46400  -2.72          0.320 7.00e-07  3.16e-07 4.07e-04
23    36  0.47200  -2.50          0.326 2.90e-07  7.98e-08 2.46e-04
24    38  0.47800  -2.29          0.355 1.38e-07  2.02e-08 1.49e-04
25    40  0.50000  -2.25          0.357 7.18e-08  5.10e-09 9.10e-05

cex1=0.9
plot(sft$fitIndices[,1], -sign(sft$fitIndices[,3])*sft$fitIndices[,2],xlab="Soft Threshold (power)",ylab="Scale Free Topology Model Fit, signed R^2",type="n", main = paste("Scale independence"))
text(sft$fitIndices[,1], -sign(sft$fitIndices[,3])*sft$fitIndices[,2],labels=powers ,cex=cex1,col="red")
abline(h=0.80,col="red")

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-5-1.png

#Mean Connectivity Plot
plot(sft$fitIndices[,1], sft$fitIndices[,5],xlab="Soft Threshold (power)",ylab="Mean Connectivity", type="n",main = paste("Mean connectivity"))
text(sft$fitIndices[,1], sft$fitIndices[,5], labels=powers, cex=cex1,col="red")

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-5-2.png

Generate TOM

softPower <- 12
SubGeneNames <- colnames(datExpr)
adj <- adjacency(datExpr, type = "signed", power = softPower)
diag(adj) <- 0
TOM <- TOMsimilarityFromExpr(datExpr, networkType = "signed", TOMType = "signed", power = softPower, maxPOutliers = 0.05)

TOM calculation: adjacency..
..will use 79 parallel threads.
 Fraction of slow calculations: 0.000000
..connectivity..
..matrix multiplication (system BLAS)..
..normalization..
..done.

colnames(TOM) <- rownames(TOM) <- SubGeneNames
dissTOM <- 1 - TOM
geneTree <- hclust(as.dist(dissTOM), method = "complete") # use complete for method rather than average (gives better results)
plot(geneTree, xlab = "", sub = "", cex = .5, main = "Gene clustering", hang = .001)

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-6-1.png

Identify Modules

minModuleSize = 15
x = 2
dynamicMods = cutreeDynamic(dendro = geneTree, distM = as.matrix(dissTOM), 
                            method="hybrid", pamStage = F, deepSplit = x, 
                            minClusterSize = minModuleSize)

 ..cutHeight not given, setting it to 1  ===>  99% of the (truncated) height range in dendro.
 ..done.

dynamicColors = labels2colors(dynamicMods) #label each module with a unique color
plotDendroAndColors(geneTree, dynamicColors, "Dynamic Tree Cut",
                    dendroLabels = FALSE, hang = 0.03, addGuide = TRUE, guideHang = 0.05, 
                    main = "Gene dendrogram and module colors") #plot the modules with colors

Past versions of “Cut Gene Tree-1.png”

Calculate Eigengenes and Merge Close Modules

MEs = moduleEigengenes(datExpr, dynamicColors)$eigengenes #this matrix gives correlations between cells and module eigengenes (a high value indicates that the cell is highly correlated with the genes in that module)
ME1<-MEs
row.names(ME1)<-row.names(datExpr)
# Calculate dissimilarity of module eigengenes
MEDiss = 1-cor(MEs);
# Cluster module eigengenes
METree = hclust(as.dist(MEDiss), method = "average");
# Plot the result
plot(METree, main = "Clustering of module eigengenes",xlab = "", sub = "")
MEDissThres = 0.2
# Plot the cut line into the dendrogram
abline(h=MEDissThres, col = "red")

Past versions of “merge close modules-1.png”

The merged module colors

merge = mergeCloseModules(datExpr, dynamicColors, cutHeight = MEDissThres, verbose = 3)

 mergeCloseModules: Merging modules whose distance is less than 0.2
   multiSetMEs: Calculating module MEs.
     Working on set 1 ...
     moduleEigengenes: Calculating 35 module eigengenes in given set.
   Calculating new MEs...
   multiSetMEs: Calculating module MEs.
     Working on set 1 ...
     moduleEigengenes: Calculating 35 module eigengenes in given set.

mergedColors = merge$colors
mergedMEs = merge$newMEs
moduleColors = mergedColors
MEs = mergedMEs
modulekME = signedKME(datExpr,MEs)

Plot merged modules

plotDendroAndColors(geneTree, cbind(dynamicColors, mergedColors),
c("Dynamic Tree Cut", "Merged dynamic"),
dendroLabels = FALSE, hang = 0.03,
addGuide = TRUE, guideHang = 0.05)

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-8-1.png

# Rename to moduleColors
moduleColors = mergedColors
# Construct numerical labels corresponding to the colors
# colorOrder = c("grey", standardColors(50));
# moduleLabels = match(moduleColors, colorOrder)-1
MEs = mergedMEs
modulekME = signedKME(datExpr,MEs)

#type gene name, prints out gene names also in that module
modules<-MEs
c_modules<-data.frame(moduleColors)
row.names(c_modules)<-colnames(datExpr) #assign gene names as row names
module.list.set1<-substring(colnames(modules),3) #removes ME from start of module names
index.set1<-0
Network=list() #create lists of genes for each module
for (i in 1:length(module.list.set1)){index.set1<-which(c_modules==module.list.set1[i])
Network[[i]]<-row.names(c_modules)[index.set1]}
names(Network)<-module.list.set1
lookup<-function(gene,network){return(network[names(network)[grep(gene,network)]])} #load function

Filter metadata table and correlate with eigengenes

nGenes = ncol(datExpr)
nSamples = nrow(datExpr)
MEs = orderMEs(MEs)
MEs %>% select(-MEgrey) -> MEs
var<-model.matrix(~0+ventric$trt)
moduleTraitCor <- cor(MEs, var, use="p")
cor<-moduleTraitCor[abs(moduleTraitCor[,1])>.2,]
moduleTraitPvalue = corPvalueStudent(moduleTraitCor, nSamples)
cor<-melt(cor)
ggplot(cor, aes(Var2, Var1)) + geom_tile(aes(fill = value), 
     colour = "white") + scale_fill_gradient2(midpoint = 0, low = "blue", mid = "white",
                            high = "red", space = "Lab", name="Correlation \nStrength") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) + xlab("Treatment") + ylab(NULL)

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-10-1.png

hubgenes<-lapply(seq_len(length(Network)), function(x) {
  dat<-modulekME[Network[[x]],]
  dat<-dat[order(-dat[paste0("kME",names(Network)[x])]),]
  gene<-rownames(dat)
  return(gene)
})

names(hubgenes)<-names(Network)
d <- unlist(hubgenes)
d <- data.frame(gene = d, 
           vec = names(d))

write_csv(d, path=here("output/glia/wgcna/wc_tany_wgcna_genemodules.csv"))

#Function to calculate SEM and Average

summarySE <- function(data=NULL, measurevar, groupvars=NULL, na.rm=FALSE,
                      conf.interval=.95, .drop=TRUE) {
    library(plyr)

    # New version of length which can handle NA's: if na.rm==T, don't count them
    length2 <- function (x, na.rm=FALSE) {
        if (na.rm) sum(!is.na(x))
        else       length(x)
    }

    # This does the summary. For each group's data frame, return a vector with
    # N, mean, and sd
    datac <- ddply(data, groupvars, .drop=.drop,
      .fun = function(xx, col) {
        c(N    = length2(xx[[col]], na.rm=na.rm),
          mean = mean   (xx[[col]], na.rm=na.rm),
          sd   = sd     (xx[[col]], na.rm=na.rm)
        )
      },
      measurevar
    )

    # Rename the "mean" column    
    datac$se <- datac$sd / sqrt(datac$N)  # Calculate standard error of the mean

    # Confidence interval multiplier for standard error
    # Calculate t-statistic for confidence interval: 
    # e.g., if conf.interval is .95, use .975 (above/below), and use df=N-1
    ciMult <- qt(conf.interval/2 + .5, datac$N-1)
    datac$ci <- datac$se * ciMult

    return(datac)
}

data<-data.frame(MEs, trt = ventric$trt, 
                 sample = as.factor(ventric$sample),
                 batch = as.factor(ventric$batch), 
                 height = ventric$height,
                 bin = cut(ventric$height, seq_len(max(ventric$height))),
                 type = ventric$predicted.id)

levels(data$bin) <- c(1:74)
data$bin <- as.numeric(as.character(data$bin))
data %>% filter(bin>=12 & bin <= 40) %>% mutate(bin=factor(bin)) -> data

plot <- lapply(colnames(MEs), function(x) {
  x <- data.frame(scale(data[,x]))
  x$bin<-data$bin
  x$trt<-as.factor(data$trt)
  x$type<-as.factor(data$type)
  x<-melt(x, id.vars=c("trt","bin","type"))
  x<-x[complete.cases(x),]
  plotval <- summarySE(x, measurevar="value", groupvars = c("trt","bin"))
  return(plotval)
})

names(plot) <- colnames(MEs)
plot_df <- bind_rows(plot, .id="id")

mod <- lapply(colnames(MEs)[grepl("^ME", colnames(MEs))], function(me) {
  tryCatch({
    mod <- lmer(data[[me]] ~ trt*bin + (1 | batch) + (1 | sample), data = data)
    pairwise <- emmeans(mod, pairwise ~ trt|bin)
    plot <- data.frame(plot(pairwise, plotIt = F)$data)
    sig <- as.data.frame(pairwise$contrasts)
    return(sig) }, error = function(err) {
    print(err)
  }
  )
})

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.0025552
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00659419
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00506122
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00202572
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00372838
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00204838
(tol = 0.002, component 1)

names(mod) <- colnames(MEs)
mod_df <- bind_rows(mod, .id="id")
mod_df$p.adj<-p.adjust(mod_df$p.value)
plot_df %>% filter(trt=="FGF") %>% mutate(p.adj = mod_df$p.adj) -> plot_f_df
plot_df %>% filter(trt=="PF") %>% mutate(p.adj = mod_df$p.adj) -> plot_p_df
plot_df <- rbind(plot_f_df, plot_p_df)
plot_df%>%mutate(signif=ifelse(p.adj>.05, "ns",
                                     ifelse(p.adj<.05&p.adj>.01, "*",
                                            ifelse(p.adj<.01&p.adj>.001, "**",
                                                   "***")))) -> plotval_frame

plotval_frame$signif[plotval_frame$signif=="ns"]<-NA
plotval_frame$signif[plotval_frame$trt!="FGF"]<-NA

detach("package:here", unload = T)
library(here)
write_csv(as.data.frame(plotval_frame), path = here("output/glia/wgcna/wc_tany_pseudovent_linmod.csv"))

mod_df %>% filter(p.adj<0.05) -> sig_df
sig_mods <- names(which(table(sig_df$id) > 5))
height_type <- ggplot() + geom_density(data=data, aes(x=(-height), fill=type), inherit.aes = F, alpha=0.25) + coord_flip() + 
  theme_pubr(legend = "none") + xlab("Pseudo-ventrivcle Height") + ylab(NULL) + theme(axis.text.x = element_blank(),  axis.text.y = element_blank())
mod <- ggplot(plotval_frame[plotval_frame$id%in%c(sig_mods),], aes(x=(-as.numeric(as.character(bin))), y=mean, color=trt, label=signif)) + 
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=mean-se, ymax=mean+se, width=.1)) +
  geom_line() + geom_point() + scale_color_manual(values=c("#000000","#999999")) +
  geom_text(color="black",size=3,aes(y= mean + .5), position=position_dodge(.9), angle=90) + coord_flip() +
  facet_wrap(vars(id), scales="free", nrow=1) + theme_pubr() + ylab("Scaled ME Expression") + xlab(NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none", axis.text.y = element_blank(), axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust=1)) 

ventric_umap <- as.data.frame(Embeddings(ventric, reduction="umap"))
ventric_umap$`Cell Type` <- ventric$predicted.id
umap <- ggplot(ventric_umap, aes(x=UMAP_1, y=UMAP_2, color=`Cell Type`)) + geom_point(alpha=0.5) + theme_void() + theme(legend.position = "top")

tany_day5 <- plot_grid(umap, princ_plot, height_type, mod, rel_widths = c(2,1,1,2.5), align = "hv", axis="tb", nrow=1, scale=0.9)

Warning: Removed 37 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Warning: Removed 122 rows containing missing values (geom_path).

Warning: Removed 174 rows containing missing values (geom_text).

tany_day5

Past versions of unnamed-chunk-16-1.png

goterms<-lapply(hubgenes[gsub(sig_mods,pattern = "ME",replacement = "")], function(x) { 
  x<-gprofiler(x, ordered_query = T, organism = "mmusculus", significant = T, custom_bg = colnames(datExpr),
                           src_filter = c("GO:BP","REAC","KEGG"), hier_filtering = "strong",
                           min_isect_size = 2, 
                           sort_by_structure = T,exclude_iea = T, 
                           min_set_size = 10, max_set_size = 300,correction_method = "fdr")
  x<-x[order(x$p.value),]
  return(x)
})

goterms %>% bind_rows(.id="id") %>%
  mutate(padj=p.adjust(p.value, "fdr")) -> godat

write_csv(godat, path=here("output/glia/wgcna/wc_wgcna_tany_goterms.csv"))
save.image(file = here("output/glia/wgcna/wc_tany_results.RData"))

Session information

sessionInfo()

R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Storage

Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /usr/lib64/libopenblas-r0.3.3.so

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_DK.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_DK.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_DK.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_DK.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_DK.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_DK.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] here_0.1              plyr_1.8.4            cowplot_1.0.0        
 [4] princurve_2.1.4       ggpubr_0.2.1          magrittr_1.5         
 [7] gProfileR_0.6.7       igraph_1.2.4.1        reshape2_1.4.3       
[10] forcats_0.4.0         stringr_1.4.0         dplyr_0.8.3          
[13] purrr_0.3.2           readr_1.3.1.9000      tidyr_0.8.3          
[16] tibble_2.1.3          tidyverse_1.2.1       genefilter_1.64.0    
[19] ggbeeswarm_0.6.0      ggplot2_3.2.1         lme4_1.1-21          
[22] Matrix_1.2-17         emmeans_1.3.5.1       ggsci_2.9            
[25] parallelDist_0.2.4    cluster_2.1.0         WGCNA_1.68           
[28] fastcluster_1.1.25    dynamicTreeCut_1.63-1 Seurat_3.0.3.9036    

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
  [1] reticulate_1.13       R.utils_2.9.0         tidyselect_0.2.5     
  [4] robust_0.4-18.1       RSQLite_2.1.1         AnnotationDbi_1.44.0 
  [7] htmlwidgets_1.3       grid_3.5.3            Rtsne_0.15           
 [10] munsell_0.5.0         codetools_0.2-16      ica_1.0-2            
 [13] preprocessCore_1.44.0 future_1.14.0         withr_2.1.2          
 [16] colorspace_1.4-1      Biobase_2.42.0        highr_0.8            
 [19] knitr_1.23            rstudioapi_0.10       stats4_3.5.3         
 [22] ROCR_1.0-7            robustbase_0.93-5     ggsignif_0.5.0       
 [25] gbRd_0.4-11           listenv_0.7.0         labeling_0.3         
 [28] Rdpack_0.11-0         git2r_0.25.2          bit64_0.9-7          
 [31] rprojroot_1.3-2       vctrs_0.2.0           coda_0.19-3          
 [34] generics_0.0.2        TH.data_1.0-10        xfun_0.8             
 [37] R6_2.4.0              doParallel_1.0.14     rsvd_1.0.2           
 [40] bitops_1.0-6          assertthat_0.2.1      SDMTools_1.1-221.1   
 [43] scales_1.0.0          multcomp_1.4-10       nnet_7.3-12          
 [46] beeswarm_0.2.3        gtable_0.3.0          npsurv_0.4-0         
 [49] globals_0.12.4        sandwich_2.5-1        workflowr_1.4.0      
 [52] rlang_0.4.0           zeallot_0.1.0         splines_3.5.3        
 [55] lazyeval_0.2.2        acepack_1.4.1         impute_1.56.0        
 [58] broom_0.5.2           checkmate_1.9.4       modelr_0.1.4         
 [61] yaml_2.2.0            backports_1.1.4       Hmisc_4.2-0          
 [64] tools_3.5.3           gplots_3.0.1.1        RColorBrewer_1.1-2   
 [67] BiocGenerics_0.28.0   ggridges_0.5.1        Rcpp_1.0.2           
 [70] base64enc_0.1-3       RCurl_1.95-4.12       rpart_4.1-15         
 [73] pbapply_1.4-1         S4Vectors_0.20.1      zoo_1.8-6            
 [76] haven_2.1.0           ggrepel_0.8.1         fs_1.3.1             
 [79] data.table_1.12.2     lmtest_0.9-37         RANN_2.6.1           
 [82] mvtnorm_1.0-11        whisker_0.3-2         fitdistrplus_1.0-14  
 [85] matrixStats_0.54.0    hms_0.5.0             lsei_1.2-0           
 [88] evaluate_0.14         xtable_1.8-4          XML_3.98-1.20        
 [91] readxl_1.3.1          IRanges_2.16.0        gridExtra_2.3        
 [94] compiler_3.5.3        KernSmooth_2.23-15    crayon_1.3.4         
 [97] minqa_1.2.4           R.oo_1.22.0           htmltools_0.3.6      
[100] pcaPP_1.9-73          Formula_1.2-3         rrcov_1.4-7          
[103] RcppParallel_4.4.3    lubridate_1.7.4       DBI_1.0.0            
[106] MASS_7.3-51.4         boot_1.3-22           cli_1.1.0            
[109] R.methodsS3_1.7.1     gdata_2.18.0          parallel_3.5.3       
[112] metap_1.1             pkgconfig_2.0.2       fit.models_0.5-14    
[115] foreign_0.8-71        plotly_4.9.0          xml2_1.2.0           
[118] foreach_1.4.4         annotate_1.60.1       vipor_0.4.5          
[121] estimability_1.3      rvest_0.3.4           bibtex_0.4.2         
[124] digest_0.6.20         sctransform_0.2.0     RcppAnnoy_0.0.12     
[127] tsne_0.1-3            cellranger_1.1.0      rmarkdown_1.13       
[130] leiden_0.3.1          htmlTable_1.13.1      uwot_0.1.3           
[133] gtools_3.8.1          nloptr_1.2.1          nlme_3.1-140         
[136] jsonlite_1.6          viridisLite_0.3.0     pillar_1.4.2         
[139] lattice_0.20-38       httr_1.4.1            DEoptimR_1.0-8       
[142] survival_2.44-1.1     GO.db_3.7.0           glue_1.3.1           
[145] png_0.1-7             iterators_1.0.10      bit_1.1-14           
[148] stringi_1.4.3         blob_1.1.1            latticeExtra_0.6-28  
[151] caTools_1.17.1.2      memoise_1.1.0         irlba_2.3.3          
[154] future.apply_1.3.0    ape_5.3