Last updated: 2026-08-31

Checks: 7 0

Knit directory: covid_script/

This reproducible R Markdown analysis was created with workflowr (version 1.7.2). The Checks tab describes the reproducibility checks that were applied when the results were created. The Past versions tab lists the development history.


Great! Since the R Markdown file has been committed to the Git repository, you know the exact version of the code that produced these results.

Great job! The global environment was empty. Objects defined in the global environment can affect the analysis in your R Markdown file in unknown ways. For reproduciblity it’s best to always run the code in an empty environment.

The command set.seed(20260831) was run prior to running the code in the R Markdown file. Setting a seed ensures that any results that rely on randomness, e.g. subsampling or permutations, are reproducible.

Great job! Recording the operating system, R version, and package versions is critical for reproducibility.

Nice! There were no cached chunks for this analysis, so you can be confident that you successfully produced the results during this run.

Great job! Using relative paths to the files within your workflowr project makes it easier to run your code on other machines.

Great! You are using Git for version control. Tracking code development and connecting the code version to the results is critical for reproducibility.

The results in this page were generated with repository version e5925a4. See the Past versions tab to see a history of the changes made to the R Markdown and HTML files.

Note that you need to be careful to ensure that all relevant files for the analysis have been committed to Git prior to generating the results (you can use wflow_publish or wflow_git_commit). workflowr only checks the R Markdown file, but you know if there are other scripts or data files that it depends on. Below is the status of the Git repository when the results were generated:


Ignored files:
    Ignored:    .DS_Store
    Ignored:    analysis/assets/
    Ignored:    output/
    Ignored:    renv/library/
    Ignored:    renv/staging/
    Ignored:    scratch/
    Ignored:    tmp/

Note that any generated files, e.g. HTML, png, CSS, etc., are not included in this status report because it is ok for generated content to have uncommitted changes.


These are the previous versions of the repository in which changes were made to the R Markdown (analysis/table_01.Rmd) and HTML (docs/table_01.html) files. If you’ve configured a remote Git repository (see ?wflow_git_remote), click on the hyperlinks in the table below to view the files as they were in that past version.

File Version Author Date Message
html e5925a4 Ziang Zhang 2026-08-31 build: publish workflowr analysis site
Rmd e87ff80 Ziang Zhang 2026-08-31 feat: add publication workflowr website

Table 1. P-scores by wave for selected regions. P-scores by wave for selected European countries (age: 60-79) and U.S. states (age: 65-84) with high and low vaccination rates. Regions are ordered by decreasing vaccination coverage as of mid-2021.
region_set geography people_vaccinated_per_hundred vaccination_group estimand_age_group initial alpha delta omicron
Europe BE 63.15 high 60-79 M: 0.132; F: 0.105 M: 0.137; F: 0.098 M: 0.167; F: 0.110 M: 0.085; F: 0.091
Europe IT 58.79 high 60-79 M: 0.172; F: 0.107 M: 0.286; F: 0.188 M: 0.087; F: 0.104 M: 0.055; F: 0.063
Europe FI 58.28 high 60-79 M: 0.014; F: 0.043 M: 0.035; F: 0.001 M: 0.106; F: 0.079 M: 0.111; F: 0.134
Europe HU 55.05 high 60-79 M: -0.000; F: 0.037 M: 0.317; F: 0.305 M: 0.203; F: 0.221 M: -0.017; F: -0.001
Europe ES 54.56 high 60-79 M: 0.242; F: 0.237 M: 0.158; F: 0.180 M: 0.122; F: 0.126 M: 0.095; F: 0.158
Europe AT 53.48 high 60-79 M: 0.012; F: 0.003 M: 0.109; F: 0.072 M: 0.120; F: 0.108 M: 0.026; F: 0.007
Europe DK 53.29 high 60-79 M: -0.020; F: 0.008 M: -0.022; F: 0.000 M: 0.058; F: 0.080 M: -0.014; F: 0.036
Europe PT 53.12 high 60-79 M: 0.077; F: 0.111 M: 0.218; F: 0.207 M: 0.058; F: 0.109 M: 0.071; F: 0.117
Europe RS 39.21 low 60-79 M: 0.102; F: 0.079 M: 0.480; F: 0.405 M: 0.468; F: 0.601 M: -0.018; F: 0.057
Europe HR 36.94 low 60-79 M: 0.043; F: 0.091 M: 0.315; F: 0.334 M: 0.369; F: 0.405 M: 0.101; F: 0.154
Europe SK 36.55 low 60-79 M: 0.031; F: 0.043 M: 0.493; F: 0.513 M: 0.277; F: 0.407 M: 0.008; F: 0.023
Europe LV 33.98 low 60-79 M: 0.037; F: 0.046 M: 0.227; F: 0.226 M: 0.351; F: 0.390 M: 0.109; F: 0.088
Europe RO 24.05 low 60-79 M: 0.093; F: 0.093 M: 0.322; F: 0.357 M: 0.386; F: 0.614 M: -0.037; F: 0.017
Europe BG 14.18 low 60-79 M: 0.026; F: 0.048 M: 0.546; F: 0.562 M: 0.541; F: 0.738 M: 0.037; F: 0.055
Europe AM 2.10 low 60-79 M: 0.240; F: 0.174 M: 0.651; F: 0.589 M: 0.579; F: 0.833 M: 0.232; F: 0.165
United States Massachusetts 70.52 high 65-84 M: 0.220; F: 0.229 M: 0.109; F: 0.074 M: 0.114; F: 0.148 M: 0.059; F: 0.089
United States Connecticut 67.10 high 65-84 M: 0.215; F: 0.275 M: 0.124; F: 0.141 M: 0.094; F: 0.132 M: 0.016; F: 0.110
United States New Mexico 63.02 high 65-84 M: 0.089; F: 0.184 M: 0.272; F: 0.284 M: 0.294; F: 0.348 M: 0.074; F: 0.153
United States New Jersey 62.95 high 65-84 M: 0.402; F: 0.359 M: 0.233; F: 0.170 M: 0.076; F: 0.136 M: 0.032; F: 0.071
United States Pennsylvania 62.87 high 65-84 M: 0.127; F: 0.139 M: 0.244; F: 0.194 M: 0.243; F: 0.230 M: 0.080; F: 0.100
United States Maryland 62.03 high 65-84 M: 0.204; F: 0.181 M: 0.172; F: 0.151 M: 0.114; F: 0.113 M: 0.054; F: 0.039
United States Tennessee 41.75 low 65-84 M: 0.121; F: 0.124 M: 0.203; F: 0.222 M: 0.251; F: 0.324 M: 0.052; F: 0.135
United States Alabama 40.03 low 65-84 M: 0.168; F: 0.184 M: 0.263; F: 0.235 M: 0.227; F: 0.256 M: 0.040; F: 0.084
United States Idaho 39.60 low 65-84 M: 0.068; F: 0.076 M: 0.150; F: 0.117 M: 0.349; F: 0.355 M: 0.053; F: 0.091
United States Louisiana 38.50 low 65-84 M: 0.295; F: 0.275 M: 0.215; F: 0.148 M: 0.267; F: 0.237 M: 0.078; F: 0.064
United States Mississippi 36.27 low 65-84 M: 0.208; F: 0.240 M: 0.219; F: 0.235 M: 0.190; F: 0.290 M: 0.026; F: 0.114

Reproducible code

#!/usr/bin/env Rscript

suppressPackageStartupMessages({
  library(dplyr)
  library(here)
  library(readr)
  library(tidyr)
})

source(here::here("R", "reporting.R"))
source(here::here("R", "tables.R"))

arguments <- reporting_arguments(list(
  europe_wave = here::here("output", "results", "europe", "wave_summary.csv"),
  us_wave = here::here("output", "results", "us", "wave_summary.csv"),
  europe_vaccination = here::here(
    "output",
    "data",
    "europe",
    "vaccination_membership.csv"
  ),
  us_vaccination = here::here(
    "output",
    "data",
    "us",
    "vaccination_membership.csv"
  ),
  output = here::here("output", "tables", "table_01_wave_pscores.csv")
))

inputs <- unlist(arguments[c(
  "europe_wave",
  "us_wave",
  "europe_vaccination",
  "us_vaccination"
)])
reporting_require_files(inputs, "Table 1 input")

table <- build_table_01(
  readr::read_csv(arguments$europe_wave, show_col_types = FALSE),
  readr::read_csv(arguments$us_wave, show_col_types = FALSE),
  readr::read_csv(arguments$europe_vaccination, show_col_types = FALSE),
  readr::read_csv(arguments$us_vaccination, show_col_types = FALSE)
)
html_output <- sub("\\.csv$", ".html", arguments$output, ignore.case = TRUE)
written <- write_table_01(table, arguments$output, html_output)
message("Rendered Table 1: ", paste(written, collapse = ", "))

sessionInfo()
R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
Running under: macOS Sequoia 15.6.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib 
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.5-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.12.1

locale:
[1] C.UTF-8/C.UTF-8/C.UTF-8/C/C.UTF-8/C.UTF-8

time zone: America/Chicago
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices datasets  utils     methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] vctrs_0.7.3     cli_3.6.6       knitr_1.50      rlang_1.2.0    
 [5] xfun_0.55       stringi_1.8.9   otel_0.2.0      renv_1.1.5     
 [9] promises_1.5.0  jsonlite_2.0.0  workflowr_1.7.2 glue_1.8.1     
[13] rprojroot_2.1.1 git2r_0.36.2    htmltools_0.5.9 httpuv_1.6.16  
[17] sass_0.4.10     rmarkdown_2.30  evaluate_1.0.5  jquerylib_0.1.4
[21] tibble_3.3.0    fastmap_1.2.0   yaml_2.3.12     lifecycle_1.0.5
[25] whisker_0.4.1   stringr_1.6.0   compiler_4.5.1  fs_1.6.6       
[29] Rcpp_1.1.1-1.1  pkgconfig_2.0.3 here_1.0.2      later_1.4.4    
[33] digest_0.6.39   R6_2.6.1        pillar_1.11.1   magrittr_2.0.5 
[37] bslib_0.9.0     tools_4.5.1     cachem_1.1.0