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Knit directory: immgenT-GP-analysis/analysis/

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All panels are produced by script/Figure3.R. The code below is shown for reference (not re-executed on this page); the images are its pre-rendered output.

Setup

Data loading, shared across all panels below.

# Figure 3. GPs and lineages.
#
# Panels produced:
#   3A  Swarm plot of per-GP AUC (predicting major lineage), up-regulated
#       GPs only, with GP3/22/29 force-highlighted.
#   3B  Structure plot of 6 lineage-defining GPs across major lineages.
#   3C,3E,3G  GP loading on the global MDE, for GP68, GP30, GP58.
#   3D,3F,3H  Per-gene view (score vs. mean expression) for GP68, GP30, GP58.
#   3I  MDE restricted to gdT/CD8aa/DN, colored by lineage.
#   3J,3K,3L  GP loading on the gdT/CD8aa/DN MDE, for GP3, GP29, GP22.
#   3M  Heatmap of the top-30 up-regulated gene scores for GP3, GP29, GP22.
#
# Required inputs (data/) -- see code/README.md's "Data provenance" table
# for the full picture:
#   igt1_96_..._ADTonly.Rds                  [primary input Seurat object]
#   L_pm_filtered.rds, F_pm_filtered.rds     [code/pipeline/01b_filter_cells.R]
#   umap_result.rds                          [gap, no producer script here]
#   level_1_AUC_list_figure_no_thymocytes_healthy.rds [code/pipeline/02_compute_auc.R]
#   mean_shifted_log_expr.rds                [gap, no producer script here]

library(ggplot2)
library(ggrepel)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(tibble)
library(scattermore)
library(pheatmap)
library(fastTopics) # structure_plot()

data_path <- "data/"
figure_path <- "figures/final-selected/Figure 3/"
source("code/R/plot_utils.R") # lineage_colors()
source("code/R/lineage_plots.R") # plot_gp_swarm(), plot_loadings_on_mde()
source("code/R/volcano_helpers.R") # plot_gp_signature_volcano(), normalize_maxabs()
source("code/R/cross_gp_helpers.R") # plot_cross_gp_heatmap()

# ============================================================
# Load data
# ============================================================
seurat_meta <- readRDS(paste0(
  data_path,
  "igt1_96_withtotalvi20260206_clean_ADTonly.Rds"
))@meta.data
L_pm_filtered <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "L_pm_filtered.rds"))
seurat_meta_filtered <- seurat_meta[rownames(L_pm_filtered), ]
mde_result <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "umap_result.rds"))
colnames(mde_result) <- c("MDE_1", "MDE_2")
mde_result <- mde_result[rownames(L_pm_filtered), ]
df_mde <- as.data.frame(mde_result)
level_1_AUC_list <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "level_1_AUC_list_figure_no_thymocytes_healthy.rds"))

# Rename K## to GP## for display consistency
colnames(L_pm_filtered) <- gsub("^K", "GP", colnames(L_pm_filtered))
colnames(level_1_AUC_list$auc) <- gsub(
  "^K",
  "GP",
  colnames(level_1_AUC_list$auc)
)

(A) AUC swarm plot by lineage

# ============================================================
# 3A: AUC swarm, up-regulated GPs only, GP3/22/29 forced highlight
# ============================================================
selected_lineage_in_order <- c("CD8", "CD4", "Treg", "gdT", "CD8aa", "Tz", "DN")
level_1_categories <- as.character(unique(
  seurat_meta_filtered$annotation_level1
))

mean_loading_matrix <- t(sapply(level_1_categories, function(cat) {
  cells_in_cat <- which(seurat_meta_filtered$annotation_level1 == cat)
  colMeans(L_pm_filtered[cells_in_cat, , drop = FALSE], na.rm = TRUE)
}))
mean_loading_matrix_selected <- mean_loading_matrix[selected_lineage_in_order, ]

non_thymocyte_cells <- which(
  seurat_meta_filtered$annotation_level1 != "thymocyte"
)
mean_loading_vec <- colMeans(
  L_pm_filtered[non_thymocyte_cells, , drop = FALSE],
  na.rm = TRUE
)

AUC_mat_selected <- level_1_AUC_list$auc[selected_lineage_in_order, ]

p_3A <- plot_gp_swarm(
  AUC_mat_selected,
  loading_mat = mean_loading_matrix,
  overall_loading_vec = mean_loading_vec,
  filter_positive = TRUE,
  forced_highlights = list(
    gdT = c("GP22", "GP29", "GP3"),
    CD8aa = c("GP22", "GP29", "GP3"),
    DN = c("GP22", "GP29", "GP3")
  ),
  top_k_labels = 1,
  threshold_line = 0.5,
  title = "Up-regulated GP Predictive Performance (AUC)",
  subtitle = "Up-regulated GPs (Loading >= Overall Mean); triangles mark forced highlights that are down-regulated",
  y_label = "Area Under the Curve (AUC)",
  italic_subtitle = TRUE
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3A.pdf"),
  plot = p_3A,
  width = 10,
  height = 6
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3A. Swarm plot showing the AUC of each GP for predicting major T cell lineage (one-vs-rest AUC, computed on healthy non-thymocyte cells) across the seven major lineages (CD8, CD4, Treg, gdT, CD8aa, Tz, DN). Only GPs up-regulated in a given lineage (mean loading >= the overall mean) are plotted for it as circles. The most predictive GP per lineage is labeled – GP58 (CD8), GP74 (CD4), GP68 (Treg), GP3 (gdT), GP29 (CD8aa), GP30 (Tz) and GP22 (DN) – as are GP3, GP29 and GP22 in each of gdT, CD8aa and DN; all three are shown in all three of those lineages, with triangles marking the ones that are down-regulated there. The dashed line marks AUC = 0.5.

(B) Structure plot of lineage-defining GPs

# ============================================================
# 3B: Structure plot of 6 lineage-defining GPs
# ============================================================
set.seed(1234)
color_coding <- ZemmourLib::immgent_colors$level1
level1_category_to_factor <- c(
  "Treg" = "GP68",
  "CD8" = "GP58",
  "Tz" = "GP30",
  "DN" = "GP22",
  "CD8aa" = "GP29",
  "gdT" = "GP3"
)
fit2 <- L_pm_filtered[, level1_category_to_factor, drop = FALSE]
cell_type <- seurat_meta[rownames(fit2), "annotation_level1"]
cells <- which(cell_type == "CD4" | cell_type == "CD8")
cells <- sample(cells, 1e5)
cells <- sort(c(
  cells,
  which(
    cell_type != "CD4" &
      cell_type != "CD8" &
      cell_type != "thymocyte" &
      cell_type != "DP"
  )
))

p_3B <- structure_plot(
  fit2[cells, ],
  gap = 40,
  n = 10000,
  colors = color_coding[names(level1_category_to_factor)],
  grouping = cell_type[cells]
) +
  labs(y = "membership", color = "", fill = "") +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(nrow = 1), color = guide_legend(nrow = 1)) +
  theme(
    legend.position = "bottom",
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.box = "horizontal",
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10, angle = 45, hjust = 1),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12),
    axis.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 13)
  )
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3B.pdf"),
  plot = p_3B,
  width = 10,
  height = 6,
  dpi = 300
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3B. Structure plot showing single-cell activity (membership / GP loading) of the lineage-related GPs identified in (A), grouped by lineage (CD8, CD4, Treg, gdT, CD8aa, Tz, DN); CD4 and CD8 cells are subsampled for visualization. Six of the seven most-predictive GPs from (A) are shown, one per lineage – GP58 (CD8), GP68 (Treg), GP30 (Tz), GP3 (gdT), GP29 (CD8aa) and GP22 (DN). CD4’s top GP in (A), GP74, is not included: no single GP marks conventional CD4 cells strongly (its AUC is only ~0.68, the lowest of the seven).

(C) GP68 activity on the all-T MDE

# ============================================================
# 3C/3E/3G: GP68, GP30, GP58 loading on the global MDE (reconstructed)
# ============================================================
p_3C <- plot_loadings_on_mde(
  mde = df_mde,
  loading = L_pm_filtered[rownames(df_mde), "GP68"],
  factor_num = 68,
  size = 0.6,
  bg_alpha = 0.1,
  bg_color = "grey90"
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3C.pdf"),
  plot = p_3C,
  width = 5,
  height = 4
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16
06b2461 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-02

Fig. 3C. GP68 activity on the all-T MDE; each point is a cell, colored by its GP68 activity (loading).

(D) GP68 signature volcano

# ============================================================
# 3D/3F/3H: "signature volcano" per-gene view for GP68, GP30, GP58.
# ============================================================
F_pm_filtered_3d <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "F_pm_filtered.rds"))
colnames(F_pm_filtered_3d) <- paste0("GP", seq_len(ncol(F_pm_filtered_3d)))
F_pm_normalized_3d <- normalize_maxabs(F_pm_filtered_3d)
mean_shifted_log_expr <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "mean_shifted_log_expr.rds"))

p_3D <- plot_gp_signature_volcano(
  "GP68",
  F_pm_normalized_3d,
  mean_shifted_log_expr,
  threshold = 0.1,
  n_label = 100,
  bg_alpha = 0.2
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3D.pdf"),
  plot = p_3D,
  width = 7,
  height = 5.5
)

Version Author Date
d04f8b8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
3fae8f8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ed623c5 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16
06b2461 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-02

Fig. 3D. Gene scores for GP68. The x axis shows the GP68 gene score, scaled as in Figure 2A (per-GP maximum |score| = 1), and the y axis shows mean shifted-log expression across all T cells; top genes are labeled.

(E) GP30 activity on the all-T MDE

p_3E <- plot_loadings_on_mde(
  mde = df_mde,
  loading = L_pm_filtered[rownames(df_mde), "GP30"],
  factor_num = 30,
  size = 0.6,
  bg_alpha = 0.1,
  bg_color = "grey90"
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3E.pdf"),
  plot = p_3E,
  width = 5,
  height = 4
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16
06b2461 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-02

Fig. 3E. GP30 activity on the all-T MDE; each point is a cell, colored by its GP30 activity (loading).

(F) GP30 signature volcano

p_3F <- plot_gp_signature_volcano(
  "GP30",
  F_pm_normalized_3d,
  mean_shifted_log_expr,
  threshold = 0.1,
  n_label = 100,
  bg_alpha = 0.2
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3F.pdf"),
  plot = p_3F,
  width = 7,
  height = 5.5
)

Version Author Date
d04f8b8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
3fae8f8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ed623c5 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16
06b2461 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-02

Fig. 3F. Gene scores for GP30. The x axis shows the GP30 gene score, scaled as in Figure 2A (per-GP maximum |score| = 1), and the y axis shows mean shifted-log expression across all T cells; top genes are labeled.

(G) GP58 activity on the all-T MDE

p_3G <- plot_loadings_on_mde(
  mde = df_mde,
  loading = L_pm_filtered[rownames(df_mde), "GP58"],
  factor_num = 58,
  size = 0.6,
  bg_alpha = 0.1,
  bg_color = "grey90"
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3G.pdf"),
  plot = p_3G,
  width = 5,
  height = 4
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16
06b2461 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-02

Fig. 3G. GP58 activity on the all-T MDE; each point is a cell, colored by its GP58 activity (loading).

(H) GP58 signature volcano

p_3H <- plot_gp_signature_volcano(
  "GP58",
  F_pm_normalized_3d,
  mean_shifted_log_expr,
  threshold = 0.1,
  n_label = 83,
  bg_alpha = 0.2
)
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3H.pdf"),
  plot = p_3H,
  width = 7,
  height = 5.5
)

Version Author Date
d04f8b8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
3fae8f8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ed623c5 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3H. Gene scores for GP58. The x axis shows the GP58 gene score, scaled as in Figure 2A (per-GP maximum |score| = 1), and the y axis shows mean shifted-log expression across all T cells; top genes are labeled.

(I) gdT/CD8aa/DN MDE by lineage

# ============================================================
# 3I: MDE restricted to gdT/CD8aa/DN, colored by lineage
#     (excludes proliferating / miniverse subsets)
# ============================================================
gcd_lineages <- c("gdT", "CD8aa", "DN")
gcd_cells <- seurat_meta_filtered$cellID[
  seurat_meta_filtered$annotation_level1 %in%
    gcd_lineages &
    !(seurat_meta_filtered$annotation_level2_group %in%
      c("proliferating", "miniverse"))
]
df_mde_gcd <- df_mde[gcd_cells, ]
df_mde_gcd$annotation_level1 <- factor(
  seurat_meta_filtered[gcd_cells, "annotation_level1"],
  levels = gcd_lineages
)

p_3I <- ggplot(df_mde_gcd, aes(x = MDE_1, y = MDE_2)) +
  scattermore::geom_scattermore(
    aes(color = annotation_level1),
    pointsize = 1.2
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(values = lineage_colors()[gcd_lineages]) +
  coord_equal() +
  theme_classic() +
  labs(
    title = "MDE: gdT / CD8aa / DN",
    x = "MDE 1",
    y = "MDE 2",
    color = "Cell Type"
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
    legend.key.size = unit(1.5, "lines")
  ) +
  guides(color = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 4)))
ggsave(
  filename = paste0(figure_path, "3I.pdf"),
  plot = p_3I,
  width = 5,
  height = 5
)

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3I. All-T MDE subsetted to show only γδ T cells, CD8aa T cells and DN T cells (excluding proliferating and miniverse subsets), colored by lineage: γδ T in green, CD8aa in purple, and DN in blue.

(J-L) GP3, GP29, GP22 loading on the gdT/CD8aa/DN MDE

# ============================================================
# 3J/3K/3L: GP3, GP29, GP22 loading on the gdT/CD8aa/DN MDE
# ============================================================
# Panel lettering is GP3 = J, GP29 = K, GP22 = L, matching the GP3/GP29/GP22
# column order of 3M so the figure reads left-to-right in one order throughout.
gp_letter <- c("GP3" = "3J", "GP29" = "3K", "GP22" = "3L")
for (gp_name in names(gp_letter)) {
  gp_num <- as.numeric(sub("^GP", "", gp_name))
  p_loading <- plot_loadings_on_mde(
    mde = df_mde_gcd[, c("MDE_1", "MDE_2")],
    loading = L_pm_filtered[gcd_cells, gp_name],
    factor_num = gp_num,
    size = 0.6,
    bg_alpha = 0.1,
    bg_color = "grey90"
  )
  ggsave(
    filename = paste0(figure_path, gp_letter[gp_name], ".pdf"),
    plot = p_loading,
    width = 5,
    height = 4
  )
}

Version Author Date
d04f8b8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Version Author Date
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Version Author Date
d04f8b8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3J-L. GP activity on the same gdT/CD8aa/DN MDE for GP3 (J), GP29 (K), and GP22 (L) – the same GP order as the columns of (M).

(M) Top-30 gene score heatmap for GP3/GP29/GP22

# ============================================================
# 3M: cross-GP heatmap, top-30 UP-REGULATED gene weights for GP3, GP29, GP22
# (heatmap built by code/R/cross_gp_helpers.R)
#
# Three choices define the panel:
#   - rank_by = "pos": top 30 by max(score), i.e. genuinely up-regulated
#     (see the note at the call below)
#   - column order GP3, GP29, GP22
#   - Fcer1g/Ccl5/Cd7/Ctsw pinned to the top 4 rows via `pin_top`
# ============================================================
F_pm_filtered_3m <- readRDS(paste0(data_path, "F_pm_filtered.rds"))
colnames(F_pm_filtered_3m) <- paste0("GP", seq_len(ncol(F_pm_filtered_3m)))
F_pm_norm_3m <- normalize_maxabs(F_pm_filtered_3m)
common_genes_3m <- intersect(rownames(F_pm_norm_3m), names(mean_shifted_log_expr))

gps_3m <- c("GP3", "GP29", "GP22")
mat_3m <- F_pm_norm_3m[common_genes_3m, gps_3m, drop = FALSE]

p_3M <- plot_cross_gp_heatmap(
  mat_3m, gps_3m,
  # rank_by = "pos" makes this a genuine "top 30 up-regulated genes" panel:
  # candidates are the genes positive in at least one of the three GPs
  # (direction = "pos"), ranked by max(score) across them. Ranking by
  # max|score| instead would admit genes on the strength of a large negative
  # score, let through the "positive somewhere" gate by a token positive
  # weight elsewhere.
  feat_label = "Gene", n_genes = 30, direction = "pos", rank_by = "pos",
  threshold = 0.05, colorscheme = "bwr", cluster_r = TRUE, cluster_c = FALSE,
  pin_top = c("Fcer1g", "Ccl5", "Cd7", "Ctsw")
)
ph_3m <- max(4, 2 + 30 * 0.14)
pw_3m <- max(5, 3 + length(gps_3m) * 0.8)
ggsave(filename = paste0(figure_path, "3M.pdf"), plot = p_3M, width = pw_3m, height = ph_3m)

Version Author Date
3fae8f8 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ed623c5 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
7102598 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
6c1a613 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
bf7afcf Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
ea3ecc2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-27
2873ad2 Ziang Zhang 2026-07-16

Fig. 3M. Heatmap of the 30 most up-regulated genes across GP3, GP29 and GP22: of the genes with a positive score in at least one of the three, the 30 with the highest score across them. Gene scores are scaled so that each GP’s largest absolute score is 1 (blue, negative; red, positive), and a gene selected for one GP can still be negative in another. Rows are hierarchically clustered, with Fcer1g, Ccl5, Cd7 and Ctsw pinned to the top.


sessionInfo()
R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
Running under: macOS Sequoia 15.6.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib 
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.5-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.12.1

locale:
[1] en_CA/en_CA/en_CA/C/en_CA/en_CA

time zone: America/Chicago
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] vctrs_0.7.3     cli_3.6.6       knitr_1.50      rlang_1.2.0    
 [5] xfun_0.55       stringi_1.8.9   otel_0.2.0      promises_1.5.0 
 [9] jsonlite_2.0.0  workflowr_1.7.2 glue_1.8.1      rprojroot_2.1.1
[13] git2r_0.36.2    htmltools_0.5.9 httpuv_1.6.16   sass_0.4.10    
[17] rmarkdown_2.30  evaluate_1.0.5  jquerylib_0.1.4 tibble_3.3.0   
[21] fastmap_1.2.0   yaml_2.3.12     lifecycle_1.0.5 whisker_0.4.1  
[25] stringr_1.6.0   compiler_4.5.1  fs_1.6.6        Rcpp_1.1.1-1.1 
[29] pkgconfig_2.0.3 later_1.4.4     digest_0.6.39   R6_2.6.1       
[33] pillar_1.11.1   magrittr_2.0.5  bslib_0.9.0     tools_4.5.1    
[37] cachem_1.1.0