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library(tidyverse)
library(ncdf4)
library(seacarb)
library(oce)
library(patchwork)
library(lubridate)
library(metR)

1 Approach

In order to test how (and how well) the depth-integrated CT estimates can be reproduced if only surface CO2 data were available, the BloomSail observations were restricted to those made in surface water and following reconstruction approaches were tested:

  • Mixed layer depth: Integration of surface observation across the MLD, assuming homogenious vertical patterns
  • CT profile reconstruction: Vertical reconstruction of incremental CT changes based on profiles of incremental changes in temperature
  • Temperature penetration depth: Integration of surface observation across the temperature penetration depth, assuming similar vertical extension as for CT drawdown.

Note: The reconstruction of CT profiles and the integration across the temperature penetration depth should produce very similar results. However, the latter avoids to create misinterpretable information about the vertical distribution of CT.

max_dep <- 25
surface_dep <- 6
integration_dep <- 12

date_CT_min <- ymd_hms("2018-07-24 07:58:29")
date_tem_max <- ymd_hms("2018-08-04 00:00:00")

2 BloomSail data

1m gridded, downcast profiles were used. Mean CO2 data from upper 6 metres were used as surface values.

tm_profiles_ID <-
  read_csv(here::here("Data/_merged_data_files/CT_dynamics", "tm_profiles_ID.csv"))

tm_profiles_ID <- tm_profiles_ID %>% 
  select(-c(date_ID))
tm_profiles_ID_long <- tm_profiles_ID %>%
  select(-c(pCO2, sal)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(c("tem", "nCT"), values_to = "value", names_to = "var") %>% 
  group_by(var, dep) %>%
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>%
  mutate(date_time_ID_diff = as.numeric(date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID)),
         date_time_ID_ref  = date_time_ID - (date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID))/2,
         value_diff = value     - lag(value, default = first(value)),
         value_diff_daily = value_diff / date_time_ID_diff,
         value_cum = cumsum(value_diff)) %>% 
  ungroup()

2.1 CT and tem penetration depth

2.1.1 Cumulative on July 23

tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 <- tm_profiles_ID_long %>% 
  filter(ID == 180723)

tm_profiles_ID_long_180723_dep <- tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
  select(var, dep, value_cum) %>% 
  mutate(value_cum = if_else(value_cum > 0 & var == "nCT",
                             NaN, value_cum),
         value_cum = if_else(value_cum < 0 & var == "tem",
                             NaN, value_cum)) %>% 
  group_by(var) %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  mutate(value_cum_i = sum(value_cum, na.rm = TRUE),
         value_cum_dep = cumsum(value_cum),
         value_cum_i_rel = value_cum_dep/value_cum_i*100) %>% 
  ungroup()

value_cum <- tm_profiles_ID_long_180723_dep %>% 
  group_by(var) %>% 
  summarise(value_cum_i = mean(value_cum_i)) %>% 
  ungroup()

value_surface <- tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
  select(var, dep, value_cum) %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>%
  group_by(var) %>% 
  summarise(value_surface = mean(value_cum)) %>% 
  ungroup()

TPD <- full_join(value_cum, value_surface)
TPD <- TPD %>% 
  mutate(TPD = value_cum_i / value_surface)
  
rm(value_cum, value_surface)
p_tm_profiles_ID_long <- tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = integration_dep, col="integration"))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD, aes(yintercept = TPD, col="penetration"))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2", guide = FALSE)+
  labs(y = "Depth (m)", x="Cumulative change")+
  theme(legend.position = "left")+
  facet_wrap(var~., ncol = 1, scales = "free_x")

p_tm_profiles_ID_long_rel <- tm_profiles_ID_long_180723_dep %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_cum_i_rel, dep))+
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = integration_dep, col="integration"))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD, aes(yintercept = TPD, col="penetration"))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 90)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_line()+
  scale_y_reverse(limits = c(25,0))+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2", name = "Depth")+
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, NA))+
  labs(x = "Relative contribution (%)")+
  facet_wrap(var~., ncol = 1, scales = "free_x")+
  theme(axis.title.y = element_blank())

p_tm_profiles_ID_long + p_tm_profiles_ID_long_rel

TPD
# A tibble: 2 x 4
  var   value_cum_i value_surface   TPD
  <chr>       <dbl>         <dbl> <dbl>
1 nCT        -939.         -89.0   10.5
2 tem          71.0          6.10  11.6
rm(tm_profiles_ID_long_180723_dep,
   p_tm_profiles_ID_long,
   p_tm_profiles_ID_long_rel)
p_nCT <-
  tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
  filter(var == "nCT") %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(data = tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
             filter(var == "nCT", value_cum<0),
           aes(x=value_cum, y=dep, fill="Integrated change"),
           width = 1, alpha=0.3)+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0)+
  scale_y_reverse(expand = c(0,0))+
  geom_point(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_path(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD %>% filter(var == "nCT"),
             aes(yintercept = TPD, col="Penetration depth"))+
  # geom_vline(data = TPD %>% filter(var == "nCT"),
  #            aes(xintercept = value_surface, col="Surface change"))+
  scale_fill_manual(values = "black")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2")+
  labs(y = "Depth (m)", x = expression(nC[T]~(µmol~kg^{-1})))+
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.y = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank(),
        axis.title.y = element_blank())

p_tem <- 
  tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
  filter(var == "tem") %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_col(data = tm_profiles_ID_long_180723 %>% 
             filter(var == "tem", value_cum>0),
           aes(x=value_cum, y=dep, fill="Integrated change"),
           width = 1, alpha=0.3)+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0)+
  scale_y_reverse(expand = c(0,0))+
  geom_point(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_path(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD %>% filter(var == "tem"),
             aes(yintercept = TPD, col="Penetration depth"))+
  # geom_vline(data = TPD %>% filter(var == "tem"),
  #            aes(xintercept = value_surface, col="Surface change"))+
  scale_fill_manual(values = "black")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2")+
  labs(y = "Depth (m)", x = "Temperature (\u00B0C)")+
  theme(legend.title = element_blank())

p_tem + p_nCT +
  plot_layout(guides = 'collect')

ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/appendix",
                  "TPD_CPD_cumulative.pdf"),
        width = 180, height = 160, dpi = 300, units = "mm")

ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/appendix",
                  "TPD_CPD_cumulative.png"),
       width = 180, height = 160, dpi = 300, units = "mm")

rm(TPD, tm_profiles_ID_long_180723, p_tem, p_nCT)

2.1.2 Daily

# surface values
diff_surface <- tm_profiles_ID_long %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>% 
  group_by(ID, var) %>% 
  summarise(value_diff_surface = mean(value_diff, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(value_diff_surface = if_else(value_diff_surface > 0 & var == "nCT",
                                      NaN, value_diff_surface),
         value_diff_surface = if_else(value_diff_surface < 0 & var == "tem",
                                      NaN, value_diff_surface))

tm_profiles_ID_long <- full_join(tm_profiles_ID_long, diff_surface) 
rm(diff_surface)

# calculate penetration depths

TPD <- tm_profiles_ID_long %>% 
  mutate(value_diff = if_else(value_diff > 0 & var == "nCT",
                                      NaN, value_diff),
         value_diff = if_else(value_diff < 0 & var == "tem",
                                      NaN, value_diff)) %>% 
  group_by(var, ID, date_time_ID) %>% 
  summarise(value_diff_int = sum(value_diff, na.rm = TRUE),
            value_diff_surface = mean(value_diff_surface, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(i_dep = value_diff_int / value_diff_surface)

TPD_mean <- TPD %>% 
  group_by(var) %>% 
  summarise(i_dep_mean = mean(i_dep, na.rm=TRUE),
            i_dep_sd = sd(i_dep, na.rm=TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup()
p_surface <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, value_diff_surface))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_line()+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Change surface value")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())+
  facet_grid(var~., scales = "free_y")

p_integrated <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, value_diff_int))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_line()+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Change integrated value")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())+
  facet_grid(var~., scales = "free_y")

p_pen_dep <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, i_dep, col=var))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_hline(data = TPD_mean,
             aes(yintercept = i_dep_mean,
                 col=var, linetype = "mean"))+
  geom_line(aes(linetype="cruise"))+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Penetration depth (m)", breaks = seq(0,20,5))+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())


p_surface + p_integrated + p_pen_dep + 
  plot_layout(ncol = 1)

TPD_mean
# A tibble: 2 x 3
  var   i_dep_mean i_dep_sd
  <chr>      <dbl>    <dbl>
1 nCT         10.2     1.04
2 tem         11.5     2.46
CPD <- TPD %>% 
  filter(var == "nCT") %>% 
  drop_na()

rm(p_surface, p_integrated, p_pen_dep)
rm(TPD, TPD_mean, tm_profiles_ID_long)

3 GETM

3.1 Subsetting criteria

# route
select_route <- "E"

# latitude limits
low_lat <- 57.3
high_lat <- 57.5

# date limits
start_date <- "2018-06-20"
end_date <- "2018-08-25"

fixed_values <- 
  read_csv(here::here("Data/_summarized_data_files", "tb_fix.csv"))

3.2 Read netcdf file

nc <- nc_open(here::here("data/GETM", "Finnmaid.E.3d.2018.nc"))
#print(nc$var)

lat <- ncvar_get(nc, "latc")

time_units <- nc$dim$time$units %>%     #we read the time unit from the netcdf file to calibrate the time 
    substr(start = 15, stop = 33) %>%   #calculation, we take the relevant information from the string
    ymd_hms()                           # and transform it to the right format
t <- time_units + ncvar_get(nc, "time") # read time vector
rm(time_units)

d <- ncvar_get(nc, "zax") # read depths vector

for (var_3d in c("salt", "temp", "SurfaceAge")) {
  
array <- ncvar_get(nc, var_3d) # store the data in a 3-dimensional array
#dim(array) # should be 3d with dimensions: 544 coordinates, 51 depths, and number of days of month

fillvalue <- ncatt_get(nc, var_3d, "_FillValue")

# Working with the data
array[array == fillvalue$value] <- NA

    for (i in seq(1,length(t),1)){
      
      # i <- 3
      array_slice <- array[, , i] # slices data from one day
      
      array_slice_df <- as.data.frame(t(array_slice))
      array_slice_df <- as_tibble(array_slice_df)
      
      gt_3d_part <- array_slice_df %>%
        set_names(as.character(lat)) %>%
        mutate(dep = -d) %>%
        gather("lat", "value", 1:length(lat)) %>%
        mutate(lat = as.numeric(lat)) %>%
        filter(lat > low_lat, lat < high_lat,
               dep <= max_dep) %>%
        mutate(var = var_3d,
               date_time=t[i]) %>% 
        select(date_time, dep, value, var)

      
      if (exists("gt_3d")) {
        gt_3d <- bind_rows(gt_3d, gt_3d_part)
        } else {gt_3d <- gt_3d_part}
      
  rm(array_slice, array_slice_df, gt_3d_part)
      
    }
rm(array, fillvalue)

}

nc_close(nc)
rm(nc)

gt_3d_long <- gt_3d %>% 
  filter(date_time >= start_date & date_time <= end_date) %>% 
  group_by(date_time, var, dep) %>% 
  summarise_all(list(value=~mean(.,na.rm=TRUE))) %>% # regional averaging
  ungroup()

gt_3d_long %>% 
  write_csv(here::here("data/_summarized_data_files", file = "gt_3d_long.csv"))


rm(gt_3d, gt_3d_long, i, lat, d, t, var_3d)

3.3 Sal and tem profiles

gt_3d_long <- 
  read_csv(here::here("data/_summarized_data_files", "gt_3d_long.csv"))

gt_3d <- gt_3d_long %>% 
  pivot_wider(values_from = value, names_from = var) %>% 
  select(-SurfaceAge) %>% 
  rename(sal = salt, tem=temp)

rm(select_route, high_lat, low_lat)
gt_3d_long <- gt_3d %>% 
  pivot_longer(c(sal, tem), values_to = "value", names_to = "var")

gt_3d_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value, dep,
             col=date_time,
             group=date_time))+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse(expand = c(0,0))+
  scale_color_viridis_c(name="Date", trans = "time")+
  facet_wrap(~var, scales = "free_x", ncol = 2)

rm(gt_3d_long)

3.4 Comparison BloomSail

Vertical, 1m-gridded BloomSail CTD profiles were used for comparison with GETM results. Note that the sampling location does match exactly.

GETM results were linearly interpolated to the mean BloomSail time stamp.

3.4.1 Interpolate gt dep grid

gt_3d_int <- gt_3d %>% 
  mutate(dep_int = dep + 0.5) %>% 
  group_by(date_time) %>% 
  mutate(sal_int = approxfun(dep, sal)(dep_int),
         tem_int = approxfun(dep, tem)(dep_int)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  select(date_time, dep=dep_int, sal=sal_int, tem=tem_int) %>% 
  drop_na()

rm(gt_3d)
tm_gt_3d <- full_join(gt_3d_int,
                      tm_profiles_ID %>% select(date_time = date_time_ID,
                                                dep, sal, tem),
                      by = c("date_time", "dep"), suffix=c("_gt", "_tm"))

tm_gt_3d <- tm_gt_3d  %>% 
  mutate(rho_gt = swSigma(salinity = sal_gt,
                          temperature = tem_gt,
                          pressure = dep/10),
         rho_tm = swSigma(salinity = sal_tm,
                          temperature = tem_tm,
                          pressure = dep/10))

tm_gt_3d <- tm_gt_3d %>% 
  arrange(date_time) %>% 
  group_by(dep) %>% 
  mutate(tem_gt = approxfun(date_time, tem_gt)(date_time),
         sal_gt = approxfun(date_time, sal_gt)(date_time),
         rho_gt = approxfun(date_time, rho_gt)(date_time)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  drop_na()
tm_gt_3d_long <- tm_gt_3d %>% 
  pivot_longer(sal_gt:rho_tm,
               values_to = "value",
               names_to = c("var", "source"),
               names_sep = "_")

tm_gt_3d_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value, dep,
             col=date_time,
             group=date_time))+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse(expand = c(0,0), name="Depth (m)")+
  scale_color_viridis_c(name="Date", trans = "time")+
  facet_grid(source~var, scales = "free_x")
STD profiles modeled with GETM (upper panels, gt) and measured during BloomSail campaign (lower panels, ts)

STD profiles modeled with GETM (upper panels, gt) and measured during BloomSail campaign (lower panels, ts)

tm_gt_3d <- tm_gt_3d_long %>% 
  pivot_wider(values_from = "value", names_from = "source") %>% 
  mutate(value_diff = gt - tm)

tm_gt_3d %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_diff, dep,
             col=date_time,
             group=date_time))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0, col="red")+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse(expand = c(0,0), name="Depth (m)")+
  scale_color_viridis_c(name="Date", trans = "time")+
  facet_grid(.~var, scales = "free_x")+
  labs(x="Difference GETM (gt) - Bloomsail (ts)")

rm(tm_gt_3d, tm_gt_3d_long)

4 Finnmaid

4.1 Data preparation

Finnmaid data, including reconstructed data during LICOS operation failure.

fm <-
 read_csv(here::here("Data/_summarized_data_files",
                      "fm_bloomsail.csv"))

fm <- fm %>% 
  filter(date_time > start_date,
         date_time < end_date) %>% 
  select(ID, date_time, sensor, sal, tem, pCO2) %>% 
  mutate(ID = as.factor(ID))

4.1.1 CT calculation

Calculate nCT based on fixed AT and salinity mean values.

fm <- fm %>% 
  mutate(nCT = carb(24,
                   var1=pCO2,
                   var2=fixed_values$AT*1e-6,
                   S=fixed_values$sal,
                   T=tem,
                   k1k2="m10", kf="dg", ks="d", gas="insitu")[,16]*1e6)

4.1.2 Regional averaging

Calculate regional mean and sd values for each crossing of the area.

fm_ID <- fm %>% 
  pivot_longer(c(pCO2, sal, tem, nCT), values_to = "value", names_to = "var") %>% 
  group_by(ID) %>% 
  mutate(date_time_ID = mean(date_time)) %>%
  ungroup() %>% 
  select(-date_time) %>% 
  group_by(ID, date_time_ID, sensor, var) %>% 
  summarise_all(list(~mean(.), ~sd(.)), na.rm=TRUE) %>%
  ungroup() %>% 
  rename(value=mean)

4.1.3 Read tm profile data

Read original profile data and calculate surface mean and sd values.

tm_profiles <-
  read_csv(here::here("data/_merged_data_files/CT_dynamics", "tm_profiles.csv"))

tm_profiles_ID_long_surface <- tm_profiles %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>% 
  select(-c(dep, date_ID, station, date_time, lat, lon, pCO2_corr)) %>% 
  mutate(ID = as.factor(ID)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(sal:nCT, values_to = "value", names_to = "var") %>% 
  group_by(ID, date_time_ID, var) %>% 
  summarise_all(list(~mean(.), ~sd(.)), na.rm = TRUE) %>% 
  ungroup()

4.1.4 Timeseries

fm_ID %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_rect(data = fixed_values, aes(xmin=start, xmax=end, ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf), alpha=0.2)+
  geom_path(aes(x=date_time_ID, y=value))+
  geom_ribbon(aes(x=date_time_ID, y=value, ymax=value+sd, ymin=value-sd, fill="Finnmaid"), alpha=0.3)+
  geom_ribbon(data = tm_profiles_ID_long_surface,
             aes(x=date_time_ID, ymin=mean-sd, ymax=mean+sd, fill="BloomSail"), alpha=0.3)+
  geom_point(aes(x=date_time_ID, y=value, col=sensor))+
  geom_point(data = tm_profiles_ID_long_surface,
             aes(x=date_time_ID, y=mean, col="BloomSail"))+
  geom_line(data = tm_profiles_ID_long_surface,
             aes(x=date_time_ID, y=mean, col="BloomSail"))+
  facet_grid(var~., scales = "free_y")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1")+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1", name="+/- SD")+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())

4.2 Missing observations

The observational gaps in the Finnmaid SST and CT time series were filled with:

  • two BloomSail observations
  • an interpolated finnmaid value to match the starting date

The time series was restricted to the period where BloomSail observations are available.

tm_start_date <- tm_profiles_ID_long_surface %>% 
  filter(ID %in% c("180705"),
         var %in% c("tem", "nCT")) %>% 
  select(date_time_ID, ID, var) %>% 
  mutate(sensor = "interpolated")

fm_tm_ID <- full_join(fm_ID, tm_start_date) %>% 
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>% 
  filter(var %in% c("tem", "nCT"))

fm_tm_ID <- fm_tm_ID %>% 
  group_by(var) %>% 
  mutate(value = approxfun(date_time_ID, value)(date_time_ID)) %>% 
  ungroup()

rm(tm_start_date)
tm_gap <- tm_profiles_ID_long_surface %>% 
  filter(ID %in% c("180718", "180723"),
         var %in% c("tem", "nCT")) %>% 
  select(date_time_ID, ID, var, value = mean) %>% 
  mutate(sensor = "BloomSail")

fm_tm_ID <- full_join(fm_tm_ID, tm_gap) %>% 
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>% 
  select(-sd) %>% 
  filter(var %in% c("tem", "nCT")) %>% 
  mutate(period = "BloomSail",
         period = if_else(date_time_ID < fixed_values$start, "pre-BloomSail", period),
         period = if_else(date_time_ID > fixed_values$end, "post-BloomSail", period))


fm_tm_ID <- fm_tm_ID %>% 
  filter(period == "BloomSail") %>% 
  select(-period)

rm(fm_ID, fm, tm_gap, tm_profiles_ID_long_surface, tm_profiles)
fm_tm_ID %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_path(aes(date_time_ID, value))+
  geom_point(aes(date_time_ID, value, col=sensor))+
  facet_grid(var~., scales = "free_y")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1")+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())

5 Merge all data sets

5.1 Merge fm and gt

fm_tm_ID_wide <- fm_tm_ID %>% 
  filter(var %in% c("nCT")) %>% 
  select(date_time_ID, var, value) %>% 
  pivot_wider(values_from = value, names_from = var)


fm_gt <- expand_grid(fm_tm_ID_wide, dep = unique(gt_3d_int$dep))

fm_gt <- full_join(fm_gt,
                   gt_3d_int %>% rename(date_time_ID = date_time)) %>% 
  arrange(date_time_ID)

rm(fm_tm_ID_wide, fm_tm_ID, gt_3d_int)

5.2 Interpolate gt time stamp

fm_gt <- fm_gt %>% 
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>% 
  group_by(dep) %>% 
  mutate(tem = approxfun(date_time_ID, tem)(date_time_ID),
         sal = approxfun(date_time_ID, sal)(date_time_ID)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  filter(!is.na(nCT))

5.3 Bind tm and fm_gt

tm_profiles_ID <- tm_profiles_ID %>% 
  select(-c(ID, pCO2)) %>% 
  mutate(source = "tm")

fm_gt <- fm_gt %>% 
  mutate(source = "fm")

tm_fm_gt <- bind_rows(tm_profiles_ID, fm_gt)


rm(fm_gt, tm_profiles_ID)
tm_fm_gt_long <- tm_fm_gt %>% 
  pivot_longer(sal:nCT, values_to = "value", names_to = "var")

tm_fm_gt_long %>%
  filter(dep == 3.5) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, value, col=source))+
  geom_path()+
  geom_point()+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  facet_grid(var~., scales = "free_y")+
  labs(title = "Time series at 3.5 m")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())

bin <- 2

tm_fm_gt %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, dep, z=tem))+
  geom_contour_fill(breaks = MakeBreaks(bin))+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = date_time_ID),
             col="white", linetype = "1f")+
  scale_fill_viridis_c(name="Tem (°C)", option = "B",
                       guide = "colorstrip", breaks = MakeBreaks(bin))+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  coord_cartesian(expand = 0)+
  labs(y="Depth (m)")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())+
  facet_grid(source~.)

rm(bin)

6 Integration depths

6.1 MLD

6.1.1 Density

tm_fm_gt <- tm_fm_gt %>% 
  mutate(rho = swSigma(salinity = sal, temperature = tem, pressure = dep/10))
bin <- 0.5

tm_fm_gt %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_contour_fill(aes(date_time_ID, dep, z=rho),
                    breaks = MakeBreaks(bin))+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = date_time_ID),
             col="white", linetype = "1f")+
  scale_fill_viridis_c(name="Rho", option = "B",
                       guide = "colorstrip", breaks = MakeBreaks(bin),
                       direction = -1)+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  coord_cartesian(expand = 0)+
  labs(y="Depth (m)")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())+
  facet_grid(source~.)

rm(bin)

6.1.2 MLD

tm_fm_gt_MLD <- expand_grid(tm_fm_gt, rho_lim = seq(0.1,0.5,0.1))

tm_fm_gt_MLD <- tm_fm_gt_MLD %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  group_by(date_time_ID, source, rho_lim) %>% 
  mutate(d_rho = rho - first(rho)) %>% 
  filter(d_rho > rho_lim) %>% 
  summarise(MLD = min(dep)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(rho_lim = as.factor(rho_lim))
bin <- 2

tm_fm_gt %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_contour_fill(aes(date_time_ID, dep, z=tem),
                    breaks = MakeBreaks(bin))+
  geom_path(data = tm_fm_gt_MLD, aes(date_time_ID, MLD, col=rho_lim))+
  scale_fill_gradient(name="Tem (°C)",
                      guide = "colorstrip", breaks = MakeBreaks(bin),
                      high = "grey80",
                      low = "grey5")+
  scale_color_viridis_d()+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d")+
  coord_cartesian(expand = 0)+
  labs(y="Depth (m)")+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())+
  facet_grid(source~.)

rm(bin)
rho_lim_value <- 0.1

MLD <- tm_fm_gt_MLD %>% 
  filter(rho_lim == rho_lim_value) %>% 
  select(-rho_lim) %>% 
  rename(i_dep = MLD) %>% 
  mutate(i_method = "MLD", i_res = "daily")

rm(tm_fm_gt_MLD)
MLD_mean <- MLD %>% 
  filter(date_time_ID <= date_tem_max) %>% 
  group_by(source) %>% 
  summarise(i_dep = mean(i_dep, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(i_method = "MLD", i_res = "mean")

MLD_dates <- MLD %>% 
  select(source, date_time_ID)

MLD_mean <- full_join(MLD_dates, MLD_mean)
MLD <- full_join(MLD, MLD_mean)

rm(MLD_mean)

6.2 Penetration depth

tm_fm_gt_long <- tm_fm_gt %>%
  select(-c(sal)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(c("tem", "nCT"), values_to = "value", names_to = "var") %>% 
  group_by(source, var, dep) %>%
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>%
  mutate(date_time_ID_diff = as.numeric(date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID)),
         date_time_ID_ref  = date_time_ID - (date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID))/2,
         value_diff = value     - lag(value, default = first(value)),
         value_diff_daily = value_diff / date_time_ID_diff,
         value_cum = cumsum(value_diff)) %>% 
  ungroup()

tm_fm_gt_long <- tm_fm_gt_long %>% 
  filter(var == "tem") %>% 
  select(-var)
gt_i_dep <- 19
tm_fm_gt_long %>% 
  filter(date_time_ID == date_CT_min) %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0)+
  geom_hline(yintercept = gt_i_dep)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  labs(y = "Depth (m)", x="Cumulative change")+
  theme(legend.position = "left")+
  facet_grid(.~source, scales = "free_x")

6.2.1 Cumulative changes

tm_fm_gt_long_180723 <- tm_fm_gt_long %>% 
  filter(date_time_ID == date_CT_min) %>% 
    mutate(value_cum = if_else(value_cum < 0,
                             NaN, value_cum),
         value_cum = if_else(source == "fm" & dep > gt_i_dep,
                             NaN, value_cum))

tm_fm_gt_long_180723_dep <- tm_fm_gt_long_180723 %>% 
  select(source, dep, value_cum) %>% 
  group_by(source) %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  mutate(value_cum_i = sum(value_cum, na.rm = TRUE),
         value_cum_dep = cumsum(value_cum),
         value_cum_i_rel = value_cum_dep/value_cum_i*100) %>% 
  ungroup()

value_cum <- tm_fm_gt_long_180723_dep %>% 
  group_by(source) %>% 
  summarise(value_cum_i = mean(value_cum_i)) %>% 
  ungroup()

value_surface <- tm_fm_gt_long_180723 %>% 
  select(source, dep, value_cum) %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>%
  group_by(source) %>% 
  summarise(value_surface = mean(value_cum)) %>% 
  ungroup()

TPD <- full_join(value_cum, value_surface)
TPD <- TPD %>% 
  mutate(i_dep = value_cum_i / value_surface)
  
rm(value_cum, value_surface)

6.2.2 Cumulative on July 23

p_tm_fm_gt_long <- tm_fm_gt_long_180723 %>% 
  arrange(dep) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_cum, dep))+
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = integration_dep, col="integration"))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD, aes(yintercept = i_dep, col="penetration"))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_path()+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2", guide = FALSE)+
  labs(y = "Depth (m)", x="Cumulative change")+
  theme(legend.position = "left")+
  facet_wrap(.~source, ncol=1, scales = "free_x")

p_tm_fm_gt_long_rel <- tm_fm_gt_long_180723_dep %>% 
  ggplot(aes(value_cum_i_rel, dep))+
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = integration_dep, col="integration"))+
  geom_hline(data = TPD, aes(yintercept = i_dep, col="penetration"))+
  geom_vline(xintercept = 90)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_line()+
  scale_y_reverse(limits = c(25,0))+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2", name = "Depth")+
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, NA))+
  labs(x = "Relative contribution (%)")+
  facet_wrap(.~source, ncol = 1, scales = "free_x")+
  theme(axis.title.y = element_blank())

p_tm_fm_gt_long + p_tm_fm_gt_long_rel

rm(tm_fm_gt_long_180723,
   tm_fm_gt_long_180723_dep,
   p_tm_fm_gt_long,
   p_tm_fm_gt_long_rel)

TPD_cum <- TPD

rm(TPD)

6.2.3 Daily

# surface values
diff_surface <- tm_fm_gt_long %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>% 
  group_by(date_time_ID, source) %>% 
  summarise(value_diff_surface = mean(value_diff, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(value_diff_surface = if_else(value_diff_surface < 0,
                                      NaN, value_diff_surface))

tm_fm_gt_long <- full_join(tm_fm_gt_long, diff_surface) 
rm(diff_surface)

# calculate penetration depths

TPD <- tm_fm_gt_long %>% 
  mutate(value_diff = if_else(value_diff < 0,
                                      NaN, value_diff),
         value_diff = if_else(source == "fm" & dep > 19,
                              NaN, value_diff)) %>% 
  group_by(date_time_ID, source) %>% 
  summarise(value_diff_int = sum(value_diff, na.rm = TRUE),
            value_diff_surface = mean(value_diff_surface, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(i_dep = value_diff_int / value_diff_surface)

TPD_mean <- TPD %>% 
  filter(date_time_ID <= date_CT_min) %>% 
  group_by(source) %>% 
  summarise(i_dep_sd = sd(i_dep, na.rm=TRUE),
            i_dep = mean(i_dep, na.rm=TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup()

p_surface <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, value_diff_surface, col=source))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_line()+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Change surface value")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())

p_integrated <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, value_diff_int, col=source))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_line()+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Change integrated value")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())

p_TPD <- TPD %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, i_dep, col=source))+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_hline(data = TPD_mean,
             aes(yintercept = i_dep,
                 col=source, linetype = "mean"))+
  geom_line(aes(linetype="cruise"))+
  geom_point()+
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Penetration depth (m)", breaks = seq(0,20,5))+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b")+
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1", direction = -1)+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_blank())


p_surface + p_integrated + p_TPD + 
  plot_layout(ncol = 1)

TPD_mean
# A tibble: 2 x 3
  source i_dep_sd i_dep
  <chr>     <dbl> <dbl>
1 fm         2.31  11.4
2 tm         2.46  12.3
rm(p_surface, p_integrated, p_TPD)
TPD <- TPD %>% 
  select(date_time_ID, source, i_dep) %>% 
  mutate(i_method = "TPD", i_res = "daily") %>% 
  filter(date_time_ID < date_tem_max) %>% 
  mutate(i_dep = if_else(is.na(i_dep), 0, i_dep))

TPD_cum <- TPD_cum %>% 
  select(source, i_dep) %>% 
  mutate(i_method = "TPD", i_res = "cumulative")

TPD_cum <- full_join(MLD_dates, TPD_cum)

TPD_mean <- TPD_mean %>% 
  select(source, i_dep) %>% 
  mutate(i_method = "TPD", i_res = "mean")

TPD_mean <- full_join(MLD_dates, TPD_mean)

TPD <- full_join(TPD, TPD_cum)
TPD <- full_join(TPD, TPD_mean)

rm(TPD_cum, TPD_mean, MLD_mean)
i_dep <- full_join(MLD, TPD)
rm(MLD, TPD)
bin <- 2

CPD <- CPD %>% 
  mutate(source = "tm")

CPD <- CPD %>% 
  mutate(source = factor(source, c("tm", "fm"))) %>% 
  mutate(source = fct_recode(source,
                             `VOS Finnmaid + GETM model` = "fm",
                             `SY Tina V` = "tm"))

i_dep <- i_dep %>% 
  mutate(source = factor(source, c("tm", "fm"))) %>% 
  mutate(source = fct_recode(source,
                             `VOS Finnmaid + GETM model` = "fm",
                             `SY Tina V` = "tm"))
tm_fm_gt <- tm_fm_gt %>%
  mutate(source = factor(source, c("tm", "fm"))) %>% 
  mutate(source = fct_recode(source,
                             `VOS Finnmaid + GETM model` = "fm",
                             `SY Tina V` = "tm"))

p_hov_dep <- 
  tm_fm_gt %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_contour_fill(aes(date_time_ID, dep, z=tem),
                    breaks = MakeBreaks(bin))+
  geom_path(data = CPD,
            aes(date_time_ID, i_dep),
            col="white", linetype = 2)+
  geom_path(data = i_dep %>% filter(i_res == "daily" & i_dep != 0),
            aes(date_time_ID, i_dep, col=i_method))+
  scale_fill_gradient(name="Tem (°C)",
                      guide = "colorstrip", breaks = MakeBreaks(bin),
                      high = "grey90",
                      low = "grey20")+
  scale_color_discrete(name = "Reconstruction", guide = FALSE)+
  scale_y_reverse()+
  scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "week",
                   date_labels = "%b %d",
                   sec.axis = dup_axis())+
  coord_cartesian(expand = 0)+
  labs(y=expression(atop(Depth, (m))))+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),
        strip.background = element_blank(),
        strip.text.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_blank())+
  facet_wrap(~source)

p_hov_dep

rm(bin)

7 Surface obs + integration depths

tm_fm_gt_surface <- tm_fm_gt %>% 
  filter(dep < surface_dep) %>% 
  select(source, date_time_ID, nCT) %>% 
  group_by(source, date_time_ID) %>% 
  summarise(nCT = mean(nCT, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  ungroup()

tm_fm_gt_surface <- tm_fm_gt_surface %>%
  group_by(source) %>%
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>%
  mutate(date_time_ID_diff = as.numeric(date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID)),
         date_time_ID_ref  = date_time_ID - (date_time_ID - lag(date_time_ID))/2,
         nCT_diff = nCT - lag(nCT, default = first(nCT)),
         nCT_cum = cumsum(nCT_diff)) %>% 
  ungroup()
iCT <- full_join(tm_fm_gt_surface, i_dep)
rm(tm_fm_gt_surface)

8 iCT

iCT <- iCT %>% 
  mutate(CT_i_diff = nCT_diff * i_dep)

iCT <- iCT %>% 
  group_by(source, i_method, i_res) %>%
  arrange(date_time_ID) %>%
  mutate(nCT_i_cum = cumsum(CT_i_diff/1000)) %>% 
  ungroup()
tm_NCP_cum <- read_csv(here::here("Data/_merged_data_files/CT_dynamics",
                                  "tm_NCP_cum.csv"))
tm_NCP_cum_flux <- tm_NCP_cum %>% 
  select(date_time, flux_cum)

tm_NCP_cum_flux <-
  expand_grid(tm_NCP_cum_flux, 
              source = unique(iCT$source),
              i_method = unique(iCT$i_method),
              i_res = unique(iCT$i_res))

NCP_flux <- full_join(iCT %>% rename(date_time=date_time_ID),
                      tm_NCP_cum_flux) %>% 
  arrange(date_time)

# linear interpolation of cumulative changes to frequency of the flux estimates estimates 
NCP_flux_int <- NCP_flux %>% 
  filter(!(i_method == "MLD" & i_res == "cumulative")) %>% 
  group_by(source, i_method, i_res) %>% 
  mutate(nCT_i_cum = approxfun(date_time, nCT_i_cum)(date_time),
         flux_cum = approxfun(date_time, flux_cum)(date_time)) %>% 
    fill(flux_cum) %>% 
  mutate(nCT_i_flux_cum = nCT_i_cum + flux_cum) %>% 
  ungroup()
# iCT <- iCT %>%
#   mutate(source = factor(source, c("tm", "fm"))) %>% 
#   mutate(source = fct_recode(source,
#                              `VOS Finnmaid + GETM model` = "fm",
#                              `SY Tina V` = "tm"))

p_nCT <- iCT %>% 
  ggplot(aes(date_time_ID, nCT))+
  geom_point()+
  geom_path()+
  scale_color_discrete(name = "Reconstruction")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b",
                   expand = c(0,0))+
  scale_linetype(name="Resolution")+
  facet_wrap(~source)+
  labs(y = expression(atop(nC[T], (mu*mol~kg^{-1}))))+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_blank())

iCT <- iCT %>% 
  mutate(i_res = fct_recode(i_res, `cumulative` = "cum")) %>% 
  mutate(i_res = factor(i_res, c("mean", "cumulative", "daily")))

p_iCT <- iCT %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_path(data=tm_NCP_cum, aes(date_time, nCT_i_cum), col="black")+
  geom_path(aes(date_time_ID, nCT_i_cum, col=i_method, linetype=i_res))+
  scale_color_discrete(name = "Reconstruction")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b",
                   sec.axis = dup_axis(),
                   expand = c(0,0))+
  scale_linetype(name="Resolution")+
  facet_wrap(~source)+
  labs(y=expression(atop(integrated~nC[T], (mol~m^{-2}))))+
  guides(color = guide_legend(order = 1))+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        strip.background = element_blank(),
        strip.text.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_blank())

p_nCT / p_hov_dep / p_iCT

ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/article", "reconstruction_iCT_timeseries.pdf"),
       width = 190, height = 200, dpi = 300, units = "mm")
  
ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/article", "reconstruction_iCT_timeseries.png"),
       width = 190, height = 200, dpi = 300, units = "mm")
NCP_flux <- NCP_flux %>% 
  #mutate(i_res = fct_recode(i_res, `cumulative` = "cum")) %>% 
  mutate(i_res = factor(i_res, c("mean", "cumulative", "daily")))

# NCP_flux_int <- NCP_flux_int %>%  
#   mutate(source = fct_recode(source,
#                              `VOS Finnmaid + GETM model` = "fm",
#                              `SY Tina V` = "tm"))

p_NCP <- NCP_flux_int %>% 
  filter(i_res %in% c("daily", "cumulative")) %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0)+
  geom_path(data=tm_NCP_cum, aes(date_time, nCT_i_flux_mix_cum), col="black")+
  geom_path(aes(date_time, nCT_i_flux_cum, col=i_method, linetype=i_res))+
  scale_color_discrete(name = "Integration depth")+
  scale_x_datetime(breaks = "week", date_labels = "%d %b",
                   sec.axis = dup_axis(),
                   expand = c(0,0))+
  scale_linetype(name="Estimate")+
  facet_wrap(~source)+
  labs(y=expression(atop(NCP, (mol~m^{-2}))))+
  guides(color = guide_legend(order = 1))+
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        strip.background = element_blank(),
        strip.text.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_blank())

p_nCT / p_hov_dep / p_NCP

ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/article", "reconstruction_NCP_timeseries.pdf"),
       width = 220, height = 200, dpi = 300, units = "mm")

ggsave(here::here("output/Plots/Figures_publication/article", "reconstruction_NCP_timeseries.png"),
       width = 220, height = 200, dpi = 300, units = "mm")

sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 18363)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_Germany.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_Germany.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_Germany.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C                    
[5] LC_TIME=English_Germany.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] metR_0.7.0      lubridate_1.7.9 patchwork_1.0.1 seacarb_3.2.13 
 [5] oce_1.2-0       gsw_1.0-5       testthat_2.3.2  ncdf4_1.17     
 [9] forcats_0.5.0   stringr_1.4.0   dplyr_1.0.0     purrr_0.3.4    
[13] readr_1.3.1     tidyr_1.1.0     tibble_3.0.3    ggplot2_3.3.2  
[17] tidyverse_1.3.0 workflowr_1.6.2

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] httr_1.4.2         jsonlite_1.7.0     viridisLite_0.3.0  here_0.1          
 [5] modelr_0.1.8       assertthat_0.2.1   sp_1.4-2           highr_0.8         
 [9] blob_1.2.1         cellranger_1.1.0   yaml_2.2.1         lattice_0.20-41   
[13] pillar_1.4.6       backports_1.1.8    glue_1.4.1         digest_0.6.25     
[17] RColorBrewer_1.1-2 promises_1.1.1     checkmate_2.0.0    rvest_0.3.6       
[21] colorspace_1.4-1   plyr_1.8.6         htmltools_0.5.0    httpuv_1.5.4      
[25] pkgconfig_2.0.3    broom_0.7.0        haven_2.3.1        scales_1.1.1      
[29] whisker_0.4        later_1.1.0.1      git2r_0.27.1       generics_0.0.2    
[33] farver_2.0.3       ellipsis_0.3.1     withr_2.2.0        cli_2.0.2         
[37] magrittr_1.5       crayon_1.3.4       readxl_1.3.1       memoise_1.1.0     
[41] evaluate_0.14      fs_1.4.2           fansi_0.4.1        xml2_1.3.2        
[45] tools_4.0.2        data.table_1.13.0  hms_0.5.3          lifecycle_0.2.0   
[49] munsell_0.5.0      reprex_0.3.0       compiler_4.0.2     rlang_0.4.7       
[53] grid_4.0.2         rstudioapi_0.11    labeling_0.3       rmarkdown_2.3     
[57] gtable_0.3.0       DBI_1.1.0          R6_2.4.1           knitr_1.29        
[61] utf8_1.1.4         rprojroot_1.3-2    stringi_1.4.6      Rcpp_1.0.5        
[65] vctrs_0.3.2        dbplyr_1.4.4       tidyselect_1.1.0   xfun_0.16