Global Forest Watch
Johannes Schielein, Om Prakash Bhandari
6/16/2021
Last updated: 2021-07-01
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Knit directory: mapme.protectedareas/
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# load required libraries
#remotes::install_github("mapme-initiative/mapme.forest")
library("mapme.forest")
library("sf")
library("terra")
library("wdpar")
library("dplyr")
library("rmarkdown") # only used for rendering tables for this website
starttime<-Sys.time() # mark the start time of this routine to calculate processing time at the endIntroduction
Maps for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (MAPME) is a joint initiative by KfW, MapTailor Geospatial Consulting GbR, and Agence Française de Développement (AFD). MAPME is an open framework that develops and promotes open source data and tools for the relevant project management stages. It consists of the following core components: (i) Good practice guidance that describes workflows for using remote sensing data and products for planning, monitoring and evaluation (ii) Project-related support with remote sensing analyses. Open source code and tools provided via open code repositories (iii) User-tailored trainings. More information can be found on the MAPME project homepage.
In this analysis section, we are going to download and analyse Global Forest Watch datasets using mapme.forest package.
Global Forest Watch makes available global data products produced by Hansen et al (2018) by examining Landsat satellite data to characterize global forest extent, annual loss, and gain.
We can find following data layers in the GFW data set:
Treecover2000: This layer gives the tree canopy cover for year 2000, defined as canopy closure for all vegetation taller than 5m in height, measured in percentage ranging from 0 to 100 percent.
Loss: This layer gives the tree cover loss during the study period, defined as a complete stand-replacement disturbance (i.e., a change from a forest to non-forest state).
Gain: Tree cover gain summarized during the period 2000–2012, defined as the inverse of the information contained in the ‘Loss’ layer (a non-forest to forest change entirely within the study period).
Lossyear: Year of gross tree cover loss event. Tree cover loss during the study period, defined as a stand-replacement disturbance, or a change from a forest to non-forest state. Encoded as either 0 (no loss) or else a value in the range 1–20, representing loss detected primarily in the year 2001–2020.
Processing workflow
The purpose of this analysis is to compute tree cover, loss year and co2 emission from the global forest watch rasters. For this, following processing routine is followed:
Download and prepare wdpa polygons
For this analysis, we would choose one WDPA polygon from the country Brazil. We can download the WDPA polygons from the package wdpar and then filter out the desired polygon using WDPAID with package dplyr. We will then reproject the downloaded polygon sample to WGS84.
# load sample WDPA polygon from country: Brazil
br <- wdpa_fetch("BRA")%>%
filter(WDPAID %in% 16078)
# reproject to the WGS84
br <- st_transform(br,
"+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs")
# plot the polygon
plot(br[1])
| Version | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 65d7a87 | Om Bandhari | 2021-06-30 |
Download and prepare raster data
From the package mapme.forest we will now download the global forest watch rasters for the year 2020 (which is the latest update) using function downloadGFW. The script below download the three rasters i.e. tree cover 2000, loss year, and CO2 emission.
# download GFW data for the area of interest (latest rasters)
raster_files = downloadfGFW(shape = br,
basename = "",
dataset = "GFC-2020-v1.8",
outdir = paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/"),
keepTmpFiles = F)
# plot tree cover
plot(rast(paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_treecover2000.tif")))
| Version | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 65d7a87 | Om Bandhari | 2021-06-30 |
# plot loss year
plot(rast(paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_lossyear.tif")))
| Version | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 65d7a87 | Om Bandhari | 2021-06-30 |
# plot co2 emission
plot(rast(paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_co2_emission_.tif")))
| Version | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 65d7a87 | Om Bandhari | 2021-06-30 |
Compute zonal statistics
Now, we have already prepared polygon and raster data, we will compute zonal statistics using function statsGRASS from package mapme.forest.
First of all, we should get path to those downloaded rasters in the temporary directory.
# get the file paths to the raster files
treeCover = paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_treecover2000.tif")
lossYear = paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_lossyear.tif")
co2Layer = paste0(tempdir(),"/global_forest_watch/_co2_emission_.tif")Since the function statsGRASS is based on GRASS, we should provide path to the working installation of GRASS GIS version >=7.0.0.
grass = "/usr/lib/grass78"The function statsGRASS requires few arguments:
- @grass: path to the grass
- @addon_base: loads
r.areaaddon, if not found, installs automatically - @areas: polygon of interest
- @idcol: unique value of zone
- @thresholdClump: threshold value of forest areas to be considered in pixels
- @thresholdCover: percentage of canopy cover (value differs with forest definition )
- @saveRaster: If T, saves raster for given zone else does not.
zonal_stats = statsGRASS(grass = grass,
addon_base = "./data-raw/addons",
areas = br,
tree_cover = treeCover,
tree_loss = lossYear,
tree_co2 = co2Layer,
idcol = "WDPA_PID",
thresholdClump = 6,
thresholdCover = 10,
years = 2001:2020,
saveRaster = F,
hideoutput = T)Now, we can have a look at the zonal statistics result.
# view area statistics from year 2000 to 2020
paged_table(zonal_stats[30:50])# view area loss statistics from year 2000 to 2020
paged_table(zonal_stats[51:71])# view CO2 emission statistics from year 2000 to 2020
paged_table(zonal_stats[72:92])In the end we are going to have a look how long the rendering of this file took to get an idea about the processing speed of this routine.
stoptime<-Sys.time()
print(starttime-stoptime)Time difference of -2.212892 mins
sessionInfo()R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
Matrix products: default
BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.7.1
LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.7.1
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=C.UTF-8
[4] LC_COLLATE=C.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY=C.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=C.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=C.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C LC_ADDRESS=C
[10] LC_TELEPHONE=C LC_MEASUREMENT=C.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] rmarkdown_2.6 dplyr_1.0.7 wdpar_1.0.6 terra_1.2-15
[5] sf_1.0-1 mapme.forest_1.0
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] httr_1.4.2 tidyr_1.1.3 jsonlite_1.7.2
[4] R.utils_2.10.1 binman_0.1.2 assertthat_0.2.1
[7] askpass_1.1 wdman_0.2.5 countrycode_1.2.0
[10] sp_1.4-5 RSelenium_1.7.7 yaml_2.2.1
[13] pillar_1.6.1 lattice_0.20-44 glue_1.4.2
[16] exactextractr_0.6.1 digest_0.6.27 promises_1.2.0.1
[19] SDMTools_1.1-221 htmltools_0.5.1.1 httpuv_1.6.1
[22] R.oo_1.24.0 XML_3.99-0.3 pkgconfig_2.0.3
[25] raster_3.4-13 s2_1.0.6 purrr_0.3.4
[28] processx_3.5.2 whisker_0.4 later_1.2.0
[31] openssl_1.4.4 git2r_0.28.0 tibble_3.1.2
[34] proxy_0.4-26 generics_0.1.0 ellipsis_0.3.2
[37] rgrass7_0.2-5 magrittr_2.0.1 crayon_1.4.1
[40] evaluate_0.14 ps_1.5.0 R.methodsS3_1.8.1
[43] fs_1.5.0 fansi_0.5.0 xml2_1.3.2
[46] class_7.3-19 tools_3.6.3 lifecycle_1.0.0
[49] extraDistr_1.9.1 stringr_1.4.0 compiler_3.6.3
[52] e1071_1.7-7 caTools_1.18.1 rlang_0.4.11
[55] classInt_0.4-3 units_0.7-2 grid_3.6.3
[58] rappdirs_0.3.3 igraph_1.2.6 bitops_1.0-6
[61] wk_0.4.1 codetools_0.2-18 DBI_1.1.1
[64] curl_4.3.2 R6_2.5.0 rgdal_1.5-23
[67] knitr_1.30 utf8_1.2.1 workflowr_1.6.2
[70] rprojroot_2.0.2 KernSmooth_2.23-20 semver_0.2.0
[73] trend_1.1.4 stringi_1.6.2 parallel_3.6.3
[76] Rcpp_1.0.6 vctrs_0.3.8 tidyselect_1.1.1
[79] xfun_0.20