Last updated: 2025-01-13

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Introduction

We used the LDL genes reported by multi-group analysis after postprocess to do some downstream analysiss.

library(ctwas)
library(dplyr)
library(EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86)
library(pheatmap)
ens_db <- EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86

mapping_predictdb <- readRDS("/project2/xinhe/shared_data/multigroup_ctwas/weights/mapping_files/PredictDB_mapping.RDS")
mapping_munro <- readRDS("/project2/xinhe/shared_data/multigroup_ctwas/weights/mapping_files/Munro_mapping.RDS")
mapping_two <- rbind(mapping_predictdb,mapping_munro)


plot_heatmap_byomics <- function(heatmap_data, main) {

  rownames(heatmap_data) <- heatmap_data$gene_name
  heatmap_data <- heatmap_data %>% dplyr::select(-gene_name, -combined_pip)

  if(nrow(heatmap_data) ==1){

    heatmap_data <- rbind(heatmap_data,rep(0,ncol(heatmap_data)))
    rownames(heatmap_data)[2] <- "fake_gene_for_plotting"

  }

  heatmap_matrix <- as.matrix(heatmap_data)

  p <- pheatmap(heatmap_matrix,
                cluster_rows = F,   # Cluster the rows (genes)
                cluster_cols = F,   # Cluster the columns (QTL types)
                color = colorRampPalette(c("white", "red"))(50), # Color gradient
                display_numbers = TRUE, # Display numbers in cells
                main = main,labels_row = rownames(heatmap_data), silent = T)

  return(p)
}

plot_heatmap_bytissue <- function(heatmap_data, main, tissues) {
  
  rownames(heatmap_data) <- heatmap_data$gene_name
  heatmap_data <- heatmap_data %>% dplyr::select(-gene_name, -combined_pip)
  
  pip_types <- c("|eQTL_pip", "|sQTL_pip", "|stQTL_pip")

  combinations <- expand.grid(pip_types, tissues)
  order <- paste0(combinations$Var2, combinations$Var1)
  
  heatmap_data <- heatmap_data[,order]
  
  if(nrow(heatmap_data) ==1){
    
    heatmap_data <- rbind(heatmap_data,rep(0,ncol(heatmap_data)))
    rownames(heatmap_data)[2] <- "fake_gene_for_plotting"
    
  }
  
  heatmap_matrix <- as.matrix(heatmap_data)
  
  p <- pheatmap(heatmap_matrix,
                cluster_rows = F,   # Cluster the rows (genes)
                cluster_cols = F,   # Cluster the columns (QTL types)
                color = colorRampPalette(c("white", "red"))(50), # Color gradient
                display_numbers = TRUE, # Display numbers in cells
                main = main,labels_row = rownames(heatmap_data), silent = T)
  
  return(p)
}


get_ctwas_file <- function(trait, tissue = NULL, folder_results) {
  # Build file paths
  if (is.null(tissue)) {
    file_ctwas_res_origin <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, ".finemap_regions_res.RDS")
    file_ctwas_res_regionmerge <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, ".regionmerge_finemap_regions_res.RDS")
    file_ctwas_res_ldmismatch <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, ".ldmismatch_finemap_regions_res.RDS")
  } else {
    file_ctwas_res_origin <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, "_", tissue, ".finemap_regions_res.RDS")
    file_ctwas_res_regionmerge <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, "_", tissue, ".regionmerge_finemap_regions_res.RDS")
    file_ctwas_res_ldmismatch <- paste0(folder_results, "/", trait, "/", trait, "_", tissue, ".ldmismatch_finemap_regions_res.RDS")
  }
  
  # Determine which file exists
  file_ctwas_result <- if (file.exists(file_ctwas_res_ldmismatch)) {
    file_ctwas_res_ldmismatch
  } else if (file.exists(file_ctwas_res_regionmerge)) {
    file_ctwas_res_regionmerge
  } else {
    file_ctwas_res_origin
  }
  
  return(file_ctwas_result)
}

Results

Single eQTL analysis results

trait <- "LDL-ukb-d-30780_irnt"
tissue <- "Liver"

folder_single_results <- "/project/xinhe/shengqian/single_tissue_screen/processed_weights/expression_weights/"

file_ctwas_result <- get_ctwas_file(trait, tissue, folder_single_results)

ctwas_res_single_post <- readRDS(file_ctwas_result)

z_gene_single <-readRDS(paste0(folder_single_results,"/",trait,"/",trait,"_",tissue,".z_gene.RDS"))

susie_alpha_res_single_post <- ctwas_res_single_post$susie_alpha_res
susie_alpha_res_single_post <- anno_susie_alpha_res(susie_alpha_res_single_post,
                                        mapping_table = mapping_two,
                                        map_by = "molecular_id",
                                        drop_unmapped = TRUE)
2025-01-13 17:45:58 INFO::Annotating susie alpha result ...
2025-01-13 17:45:58 INFO::Map molecular traits to genes
combined_pip_by_group_single <- combine_gene_pips(susie_alpha_res_single_post, 
                                             group_by = "gene_name",
                                             by = "group",
                                             method = "combine_cs",
                                             filter_cs = TRUE,
                                             include_cs_id = F)
combined_pip_sig_single <- subset(combined_pip_by_group_single, combined_pip > 0.8)

DT::datatable(combined_pip_sig_single,caption = htmltools::tags$caption( style = 'caption-side: left; text-align: left; color:black;  font-size:150% ;','Genes with PIP > 0.8 in single eQTL analysis, cs filtered'),options = list(pageLength = 10) )
z_gene_single <- z_gene_single %>%
  mutate(molecular_id = sub("\\|.*", "", id)) %>%  # Extract ENSG ID from id
  left_join(mapping_two %>% dplyr::select(molecular_id, gene_name), by = "molecular_id")

Multi-group analysis results

tissues <- c("Liver","Spleen","Esophagus_Gastroesophageal_Junction","Esophagus_Muscularis","Esophagus_Mucosa")

folder_multi_results <- "/project/xinhe/shengqian/ctwas_GWAS_analysis/results/"
folder_multi_post <- paste0("/project/xinhe/xsun/multi_group_ctwas/13.post_processing_0103/results_region_merge/",trait,"/")

file_ctwas_result <- get_ctwas_file(trait, tissue = NULL, folder_multi_results)


ctwas_res_multi_post <- readRDS(file_ctwas_result)


susie_alpha_res_multi_post <- ctwas_res_multi_post$susie_alpha_res
susie_alpha_res_multi_post <- anno_susie_alpha_res(susie_alpha_res_multi_post,
                                        mapping_table = mapping_two,
                                        map_by = "molecular_id",
                                        drop_unmapped = TRUE)
2025-01-13 17:46:07 INFO::Annotating susie alpha result ...
2025-01-13 17:46:09 INFO::Map molecular traits to genes
2025-01-13 17:46:10 INFO::Split PIPs for molecular traits mapped to multiple genes
combined_pip_by_group_multi <- combine_gene_pips(susie_alpha_res_multi_post, 
                                             group_by = "gene_name",
                                             by = "group",
                                             method = "combine_cs",
                                             filter_cs = TRUE,
                                             include_cs_id = F)
combined_pip_sig_multi <- subset(combined_pip_by_group_multi, combined_pip > 0.8)

DT::datatable(combined_pip_sig_multi,caption = htmltools::tags$caption( style = 'caption-side: left; text-align: left; color:black;  font-size:150% ;','Genes with PIP > 0.8 in multi-group analysis, cs filtered'),options = list(pageLength = 10) )
z_gene_multi <- readRDS(paste0(folder_multi_results,"/",trait,"/",trait,".z_gene.RDS"))
z_gene_multi <- z_gene_multi %>%
  mutate(molecular_id = sub("\\|.*", "", id)) %>%  # Extract ENSG ID from id
  left_join(mapping_two %>% dplyr::select(molecular_id, gene_name), by = "molecular_id")

Comparing with silver standard genes

We followed the analysis in ctwas paper. The silver standard genes for LDL are:

LDL_silver <- readxl::read_excel("/project/xinhe/xsun/multi_group_ctwas/data/LDL_silver.xlsx")
LDL_silver_known <- LDL_silver[LDL_silver$annotation == "known",]
LDL_silver_bystand <- LDL_silver[LDL_silver$annotation != "known",]

DT::datatable(LDL_silver,caption = htmltools::tags$caption( style = 'caption-side: left; text-align: left; color:black;  font-size:150% ;','The silver standard genes for LDL (from ctwas paper, table S2)'),options = list(pageLength = 10) )
stats <- data.frame(analysis = c("ctwas paper","ctwasV2 - single eQTL","ctwasV2 - multigroup"),
                    num_gene_pip08 = c(35, nrow(combined_pip_sig_single),nrow(combined_pip_sig_multi)),
                    num_gene_known_imputable = c("46 of 69 known",sum(LDL_silver_known$genename %in% z_gene_single$gene_name),sum(LDL_silver_known$genename %in% z_gene_multi$gene_name)),
                    num_gene_known_pip08 = c(6,sum(LDL_silver_known$genename %in% combined_pip_sig_single$gene_name),sum(LDL_silver_known$genename %in% combined_pip_sig_multi$gene_name)),
                   num_gene_bystander_imputable = c("539 of 539 bystander",sum(LDL_silver_bystand$genename %in% z_gene_single$gene_name),sum(LDL_silver_bystand$genename %in% z_gene_multi$gene_name)),
                    num_gene_bystander_pip08 = c(2,sum(LDL_silver_bystand$genename %in% combined_pip_sig_single$gene_name),sum(LDL_silver_bystand$genename %in% combined_pip_sig_multi$gene_name)))


DT::datatable(stats,caption = htmltools::tags$caption( style = 'caption-side: left; text-align: left; color:black;  font-size:150% ;',''),options = list(pageLength = 10) )

Checking why some silver standard genes are missed

LDL_silver_known_sig <- LDL_silver_known[as.numeric(LDL_silver_known$PIP) > 0.8 & LDL_silver_known$PIP !="NA",]
LDL_silver_known_sig <- LDL_silver_known_sig[,c("genename","cs_index","PIP","z","num_eqtl","region_tag")]

# check z_scores 

z_gene_single <- readRDS(paste0(folder_single_results,"/",trait,"/",trait,"_",tissue,".z_gene.RDS"))

z_gene_single <- z_gene_single %>%
  mutate(molecular_id = sub("\\|.*", "", id)) %>%  # Extract ENSG ID from id
  left_join(mapping_two %>% dplyr::select(molecular_id, gene_name), by = "molecular_id")
z_gene_single <- z_gene_single[,c("gene_name","z")]

z_gene_selected <- z_gene_single[z_gene_single$gene_name %in% LDL_silver_known_sig$genename,]

LDL_silver_known_sig <- merge(LDL_silver_known_sig,z_gene_selected, by.x ="genename", by.y = "gene_name",all.x=T)


# check pre-estimated L
screened_region_L <- readRDS(paste0(folder_single_results,"/",trait,"/",trait,"_",tissue,".screened_region_L.RDS"))
region_info <- readRDS("/project2/xinhe/shared_data/multigroup_ctwas/LD_region_info/region_info.RDS")

LDL_silver_known_sig$tag1 <- unlist(strsplit(LDL_silver_known_sig$region_tag,split = "_"))[seq(1,2*nrow(LDL_silver_known_sig), by =2)]
LDL_silver_known_sig$tag2 <- unlist(strsplit(LDL_silver_known_sig$region_tag,split = "_"))[seq(2,2*nrow(LDL_silver_known_sig), by =2)]
LDL_silver_known_sig$regionid <- ctwas:::convert_region_tags_to_region_id(region_info, LDL_silver_known_sig$tag1, LDL_silver_known_sig$tag2)
LDL_silver_known_sig$screened_region_L_newversion <- screened_region_L[LDL_silver_known_sig$regionid]

combined_pip_by_group_single_nocs <- combine_gene_pips(susie_alpha_res_single_post, 
                                             group_by = "gene_name",
                                             by = "group",
                                             method = "combine_cs",
                                             filter_cs = F,
                                             include_cs_id = T)

LDL_silver_known_sig <- merge(LDL_silver_known_sig, combined_pip_by_group_single_nocs, by.x = "genename", by.y = "gene_name", all.x = T)

LDL_silver_known_sig <- LDL_silver_known_sig[,c("genename","cs_index","PIP","z.x","z.y","screened_region_L_newversion","combined_cs_id","combined_pip")]
colnames(LDL_silver_known_sig) <- c("genename","cs_index_old","PIP_old","z_old","z_new","screened_region_L_new","cs_id_new","PIP_new")


DT::datatable(LDL_silver_known_sig,caption = htmltools::tags$caption( style = 'caption-side: left; text-align: left; color:black;  font-size:150% ;','Comparing the old results and new results for the silver standard genes'),options = list(pageLength = 10) )
print("ABCG8 weights")
[1] "ABCG8 weights"
weights_single <- readRDS(paste0(folder_single_results,"/",trait,"/",trait,"_",tissue,".preprocessed.weights.E.RDS"))
weights_gene <- weights_single[["ENSG00000143921.6"]]

print(weights_gene)
NULL
snp_map <- readRDS("/project2/xinhe/shared_data/multigroup_ctwas/LD_region_info/snp_map.RDS")



finemap_res_single <- ctwas_res_single_post$finemap_res
finemap_res_single <- anno_finemap_res(finemap_res_single,
                                          snp_map = snp_map,
                                          mapping_table = mapping_two,
                                          add_gene_annot = TRUE,
                                          map_by = "molecular_id",
                                          drop_unmapped = TRUE,
                                          add_position = TRUE,
                                          use_gene_pos = "mid")
2025-01-13 17:46:50 INFO::Annotating fine-mapping result ...
2025-01-13 17:46:50 INFO::Map molecular traits to genes
2025-01-13 17:46:58 INFO::Add gene positions
2025-01-13 17:46:58 INFO::Add SNP positions
print("PLTP")
[1] "PLTP"
region_id <- "20_44051536_46210417"

make_locusplot(finemap_res_single,
               region_id = region_id,
               ens_db = ens_db,
               weights = weights_single,
               highlight_pip = 0.8,
               filter_protein_coding_genes = TRUE,
               filter_cs = TRUE,
               color_pval_by = "cs",
               color_pip_by = "cs",panel.heights = c(4,4,1,1))
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::Limit to protein coding genes
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::focal id: ENSG00000100979.14|Liver_eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::focal molecular trait: PLTP Liver eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::Range of locus: chr20:44052014-46210287
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::focal molecular trait QTL positions: 45906012
2025-01-13 17:47:15 INFO::Limit PIPs to credible sets

Version Author Date
80e204a XSun 2025-01-10
print("ABCA1")
[1] "ABCA1"
region_id <- "9_104819468_106536473"

make_locusplot(finemap_res_single,
               region_id = region_id,
               ens_db = ens_db,
               weights = weights_single,
               highlight_pip = 0.8,
               filter_protein_coding_genes = TRUE,
               filter_cs = TRUE,
               color_pval_by = "cs",
               color_pip_by = "cs",panel.heights = c(4,4,1,1))
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::Limit to protein coding genes
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::focal id: ENSG00000165029.15|Liver_eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::focal molecular trait: ABCA1 Liver eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::Range of locus: chr9:104819368-106535859
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::focal molecular trait QTL positions: 104906792
2025-01-13 17:47:20 INFO::Limit PIPs to credible sets

print("NPC1L1")
[1] "NPC1L1"
region_id <- "7_43119475_44724229"

make_locusplot(finemap_res_single,
               region_id = region_id,
               ens_db = ens_db,
               weights = weights_single,
               highlight_pip = 0.8,
               filter_protein_coding_genes = TRUE,
               filter_cs = TRUE,
               color_pval_by = "cs",
               color_pip_by = "cs",panel.heights = c(4,4,1,1))
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::Limit to protein coding genes
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::focal id: ENSG00000136271.10|Liver_eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::focal molecular trait: DDX56 Liver eQTL
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::Range of locus: chr7:43119604-44723797
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::focal molecular trait QTL positions: 44575121,44575587
2025-01-13 17:47:22 INFO::Limit PIPs to credible sets

PIP partition for the top genes

plot_heatmap_bytissue(heatmap_data = combined_pip_sig_multi, main = "PIP partition for genes with PIP > 0.8 from multi-group analysis",tissues = tissues)

plot_heatmap_byomics(heatmap_data = combined_pip_sig_multi, main = "PIP partition for genes with PIP > 0.8 from multi-group analysis")


sessionInfo()
R version 4.2.0 (2022-04-22)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /software/openblas-0.3.13-el7-x86_64/lib/libopenblas_haswellp-r0.3.13.so

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[8] base     

other attached packages:
 [1] pheatmap_1.0.12           EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86_2.99.0
 [3] ensembldb_2.20.2          AnnotationFilter_1.20.0  
 [5] GenomicFeatures_1.48.3    AnnotationDbi_1.58.0     
 [7] Biobase_2.56.0            GenomicRanges_1.48.0     
 [9] GenomeInfoDb_1.39.9       IRanges_2.30.0           
[11] S4Vectors_0.34.0          BiocGenerics_0.42.0      
[13] dplyr_1.1.4               ctwas_0.4.20.9001        

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
  [1] colorspace_2.0-3            rjson_0.2.21               
  [3] ellipsis_0.3.2              rprojroot_2.0.3            
  [5] XVector_0.36.0              locuszoomr_0.2.1           
  [7] fs_1.5.2                    rstudioapi_0.13            
  [9] farver_2.1.0                DT_0.22                    
 [11] ggrepel_0.9.1               bit64_4.0.5                
 [13] fansi_1.0.3                 xml2_1.3.3                 
 [15] codetools_0.2-18            logging_0.10-108           
 [17] cachem_1.0.6                knitr_1.39                 
 [19] jsonlite_1.8.0              workflowr_1.7.0            
 [21] Rsamtools_2.12.0            dbplyr_2.1.1               
 [23] png_0.1-7                   readr_2.1.2                
 [25] compiler_4.2.0              httr_1.4.3                 
 [27] assertthat_0.2.1            Matrix_1.5-3               
 [29] fastmap_1.1.0               lazyeval_0.2.2             
 [31] cli_3.6.1                   later_1.3.0                
 [33] htmltools_0.5.2             prettyunits_1.1.1          
 [35] tools_4.2.0                 gtable_0.3.0               
 [37] glue_1.6.2                  GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.8     
 [39] rappdirs_0.3.3              Rcpp_1.0.12                
 [41] cellranger_1.1.0            jquerylib_0.1.4            
 [43] vctrs_0.6.5                 Biostrings_2.64.0          
 [45] rtracklayer_1.56.0          crosstalk_1.2.0            
 [47] xfun_0.41                   stringr_1.5.1              
 [49] lifecycle_1.0.4             irlba_2.3.5                
 [51] restfulr_0.0.14             XML_3.99-0.14              
 [53] zlibbioc_1.42.0             zoo_1.8-10                 
 [55] scales_1.3.0                gggrid_0.2-0               
 [57] hms_1.1.1                   promises_1.2.0.1           
 [59] MatrixGenerics_1.8.0        ProtGenerics_1.28.0        
 [61] parallel_4.2.0              SummarizedExperiment_1.26.1
 [63] RColorBrewer_1.1-3          LDlinkR_1.2.3              
 [65] yaml_2.3.5                  curl_4.3.2                 
 [67] memoise_2.0.1               ggplot2_3.5.1              
 [69] sass_0.4.1                  biomaRt_2.54.1             
 [71] stringi_1.7.6               RSQLite_2.3.1              
 [73] highr_0.9                   BiocIO_1.6.0               
 [75] filelock_1.0.2              BiocParallel_1.30.3        
 [77] rlang_1.1.2                 pkgconfig_2.0.3            
 [79] matrixStats_0.62.0          bitops_1.0-7               
 [81] evaluate_0.15               lattice_0.20-45            
 [83] purrr_1.0.2                 labeling_0.4.2             
 [85] GenomicAlignments_1.32.0    htmlwidgets_1.5.4          
 [87] cowplot_1.1.1               bit_4.0.4                  
 [89] tidyselect_1.2.0            magrittr_2.0.3             
 [91] R6_2.5.1                    generics_0.1.2             
 [93] DelayedArray_0.22.0         DBI_1.2.2                  
 [95] withr_2.5.0                 pgenlibr_0.3.3             
 [97] pillar_1.9.0                whisker_0.4                
 [99] KEGGREST_1.36.3             RCurl_1.98-1.7             
[101] mixsqp_0.3-43               tibble_3.2.1               
[103] crayon_1.5.1                utf8_1.2.2                 
[105] BiocFileCache_2.4.0         plotly_4.10.0              
[107] tzdb_0.4.0                  rmarkdown_2.25             
[109] progress_1.2.2              readxl_1.4.0               
[111] grid_4.2.0                  data.table_1.14.2          
[113] blob_1.2.3                  git2r_0.30.1               
[115] digest_0.6.29               tidyr_1.3.0                
[117] httpuv_1.6.5                munsell_0.5.0              
[119] viridisLite_0.4.0           bslib_0.3.1