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library(tidyverse)
library(metR)
library(seacarb)
library(collapse)
basinmask <-
  read_csv(
    here::here(
      "data/World_Ocean_Atlas_2018/_summarized_files",
      "basin_mask_WOA18.csv"
    )
  )

basinmask_AIP <-
  read_csv(
    here::here(
      "data/World_Ocean_Atlas_2018/_summarized_files",
      "basin_mask_WOA18_AIP.csv"
    )
  )

landmask <-
  read_csv(
    here::here(
      "data/World_Ocean_Atlas_2018/_summarized_files",
      "land_mask_WOA18.csv"
    )
  )

section_global_coordinates <-
  read_csv(here::here("data",
                       "section_global_coordinates.csv"))

1 Predictor fields

Currently, we use combined predictor fields:

  • WOA18: S, T, and derived variables
  • GLODAP16: Oxygen, PO4, NO3, Silicate, and derived variables
predictors <- 
    read_csv(here::here("data/mapping/predictor_fields",
                         "W18_st_G16_opsn.csv"))

predictors_surface <- 
    read_csv(here::here("data/mapping/predictor_fields",
                         "W18_st_G16_opsn_surface.csv"))

2 Atm. pCO2

co2_atm_tref <-
  read_csv(here::here(
    "data/pCO2_atmosphere/_summarized_data_files",
    "co2_atm_tref.csv"
  ))

3 Load MLR models

lm_all_wide <-
  read_csv(here::here("data/eMLR",
                       "lm_all_wide.csv"))

4 Merge MLRs + climatologies

lm_all_wide <- lm_all_wide %>% 
  mutate(model = str_remove(model, "Cstar ~ "))
         
Cant <- full_join(predictors, lm_all_wide)

rm(predictors, lm_all_wide)

5 Map Cant

5.1 Deep water

5.2 Apply MLRs to predictor

Cant <- Cant %>% 
  mutate(Cant = `delta_coeff_(Intercept)` +
           delta_coeff_aou * aou +
           delta_coeff_oxygen * oxygen +
           delta_coeff_phosphate * phosphate +
           delta_coeff_phosphate_star * phosphate_star +
           delta_coeff_silicate * silicate +
           delta_coeff_sal * sal + 
           delta_coeff_tem * tem)

Cant <- Cant %>%
  mutate(Cant_pos = if_else(Cant < 0, 0, Cant))
Cant <- Cant %>% 
  mutate(Cant_intercept = `delta_coeff_(Intercept)`,
         Cant_aou = delta_coeff_aou * aou,
         Cant_oxygen = delta_coeff_oxygen * oxygen,
         Cant_phosphate = delta_coeff_phosphate * phosphate,
         Cant_phosphate_star = delta_coeff_phosphate_star * phosphate_star,
         Cant_silicate = delta_coeff_silicate * silicate,
         Cant_sal = delta_coeff_sal * sal,
         Cant_tem = delta_coeff_tem * tem,
         Cant_sum = Cant_intercept +
           Cant_aou +
           Cant_oxygen +
           Cant_phosphate +
           Cant_phosphate_star +
           Cant_silicate + 
           Cant_sal +
           Cant_tem)

5.2.1 Sections by model

Zonal sections plots are produced for every 20° longitude, each era and for all models individually and can be downloaded here.

library(scales)

for (i_eras in unique(Cant$eras)) {
  # i_eras <- unique(Cant$eras)[2]
  Cant_eras <- Cant %>%
    filter(eras == i_eras)
  
  for (i_lon in seq(20.5, 360, 20)) {
    # i_lon <- seq(20.5, 360, 20)[7]
    Cant_eras_lon <- Cant_eras %>%
      filter(lon == i_lon)
    
    Cant_eras_lon %>%
      ggplot(aes(lat, depth, col = Cant)) +
      geom_point() +
      scale_color_gradient2(
        name = "Cant",
        high = muted("red"),
        mid = "grey",
        low = muted("blue")
      ) +
      scale_y_reverse(limits = c(parameters$inventory_depth, NA)) +
      scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-75, 65)) +
      coord_cartesian(expand = 0) +
      guides(fill = guide_colorsteps(barheight = unit(10, "cm"))) +
      labs(title = paste("eras:", i_eras, "| lon:", i_lon)) +
      facet_wrap( ~ model, ncol = 5)
    
    ggsave(
      here::here(
        "output/figure/mapping",
        paste(i_eras,
              "lon",
              i_lon,
              "model_Cant.png",
              sep = "_")
      ),
      width = 17,
      height = 9
    )
    
  }
}

5.3 Surface water

As outlined in Gruber et al. (2019), a transient equilibrium approach was applied to estimate Cant in surface waters, assuming that the CO2 system in these waters has followed the increase in atmospheric CO2 closely.

Using eq 10.2.16 from OBD, the change in anthropogenic CO2 in the upper ocean was computed as:

ΔtCanteq(t2ref − t1ref )= 1∕γ ⋅ DIC/pCO2 ⋅ (pCO2atm (t2ref)− pCO2atm (t1ref))

, where DIC and pCO2 are the in situ values, where γ is the buffer (Revelle) factor and where we evaluated the right-hand side using seacarb employing the Mehrbach constants as refitted by Dickson and Millero using the climatological values for temperature, salinity, DIC and Alk.

5.3.1 pCO2 climatology

predictors_surface <- predictors_surface %>% 
  mutate(pCO2 = carb(flag = 15,
                     var1 = TAlk*1e-6,
                     var2 = TCO2*1e-6,
                     S = sal,
                     T = tem,
                     P = depth/10,
                     Pt = PO4*1e-6,
                     Sit = silicate*1e-6,
                     k1k2 = "l")$pCO2)

map_climatology(predictors_surface, "pCO2")

section_global_surface(predictors_surface, "pCO2")

5.3.2 Revelle factor

predictors_surface <- predictors_surface %>% 
  mutate(rev_fac = buffer(flag = 15,
                     var1 = TAlk*1e-6,
                     var2 = TCO2*1e-6,
                     S = sal,
                     T = tem,
                     P = depth/10,
                     Pt = PO4*1e-6,
                     Sit = silicate*1e-6,
                     k1k2 = "l")$BetaD)

map_climatology(predictors_surface, "rev_fac")

section_global_surface(predictors_surface, "rev_fac")

5.3.3 Cant

co2_atm_tref <- co2_atm_tref %>% 
  arrange(pCO2_tref) %>% 
  mutate(d_pCO2_tref = pCO2_tref - lag(pCO2_tref)) %>% 
  drop_na() %>% 
  mutate(eras = c("JGOFS_GO", "GO_new")) %>% 
  select(eras, d_pCO2_tref)

Cant_surface <- full_join(predictors_surface, co2_atm_tref,
                          by = character())

Cant_surface <- Cant_surface %>% 
  mutate(Cant = (1 / rev_fac) * (TCO2 / pCO2) * d_pCO2_tref)

Cant_surface <- Cant_surface %>%
  mutate(Cant_pos = if_else(Cant < 0, 0, Cant))

map_climatology_eras(Cant_surface, "Cant")

section_global_surface_eras(Cant_surface, "Cant")

5.4 Mean Cant fields

Mean and sd are calculated for Cant in each grid cell (XYZ), basin and era combination. Calculations are performed for all Cant values vs positive values only. This averaging step summarizes the information derived from ten best fitting MLRs.

5.4.1 Deep water averaging

Cant_predictor_average <- Cant %>%
  fselect(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin,
          Cant_intercept,
          Cant_aou,
          Cant_oxygen,
          Cant_phosphate,
          Cant_phosphate_star, 
          Cant_silicate, 
          Cant_tem, 
          Cant_sal, 
          Cant_sum, 
          gamma) %>% 
  fgroup_by(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin) %>% {
   add_vars(fgroup_vars(.,"unique"),
            fmean(., keep.group_vars = FALSE))
  }

Cant_predictor_average_Atl <- Cant_predictor_average %>% 
  filter(basin == "Atlantic") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Atl))

Cant_predictor_average_Ind_Pac <- Cant_predictor_average %>% 
  filter(basin == "Indo-Pacific") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Ind_Pac))

Cant_predictor_average <- bind_rows(Cant_predictor_average_Atl, Cant_predictor_average_Ind_Pac)

rm(Cant_predictor_average_Atl, Cant_predictor_average_Ind_Pac)
Cant_average <- Cant %>%
  fselect(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin, Cant, Cant_pos, gamma) %>% 
  fgroup_by(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin) %>% {
   add_vars(fgroup_vars(.,"unique"),
            fmean(., keep.group_vars = FALSE),
            fsd(., keep.group_vars = FALSE) %>% add_stub(pre = FALSE, "_sd"))
  }

rm(Cant)
Cant_surface_average <- Cant_surface %>%
  fselect(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin, Cant, Cant_pos, gamma) %>% 
  fgroup_by(lon, lat, depth, eras, basin) %>% {
   add_vars(fgroup_vars(.,"unique"),
            fmean(., keep.group_vars = FALSE),
            fsd(., keep.group_vars = FALSE) %>% add_stub(pre = FALSE, "_sd"))
  }

rm(Cant_surface)

5.4.2 Join surface and deep water

Cant_average <- full_join(Cant_average, Cant_surface_average)

rm(Cant_surface_average)

5.4.3 Gamma slab zonal mean

Cant_average_Atl <- Cant_average %>% 
  filter(basin == "Atlantic") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Atl))

Cant_average_Ind_Pac <- Cant_average %>% 
  filter(basin == "Indo-Pacific") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Ind_Pac))

Cant_average <- bind_rows(Cant_average_Atl, Cant_average_Ind_Pac)

rm(Cant_average_Atl, Cant_average_Ind_Pac)

5.5 Mean Cant sections

For each basin and era combination, the zonal mean Cant is calculated, again for all vs positive only values. Likewise, sd is calculated for the averaging of the mean basin fields.

Cant_average <- left_join(Cant_average,
                          basinmask_AIP %>% select(-basin))

Cant_average_zonal <- Cant_average %>%
  fselect(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP,
          Cant, Cant_pos, gamma, Cant_sd, Cant_pos_sd, gamma_sd) %>% 
  fgroup_by(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP) %>% {
   add_vars(fgroup_vars(.,"unique"),
            fmean(., keep.group_vars = FALSE) %>% add_stub(pre = FALSE, "_mean"),
            fsd(., keep.group_vars = FALSE) %>% add_stub(pre = FALSE, "_sd"))
  }


# Cant_average_zonal <- Cant_average %>%
#   group_by(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP) %>%
#   summarise(across(
#     c(
#       "Cant_mean",
#       "Cant_pos_mean",
#       "Cant_sd",
#       "Cant_pos_sd",
#       "gamma_mean",
#       "gamma_sd"
#     ),
#     list(
#       mean = ~ mean(.x, na.rm = TRUE),
#       sd = ~ sd(.x, na.rm = TRUE)
#     )
#   )) %>%
#   ungroup()


Cant_average_zonal_Atl <- Cant_average_zonal %>% 
  filter(basin == "Atlantic") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma_mean, parameters$slabs_Atl))

Cant_average_zonal_Ind_Pac <- Cant_average_zonal %>% 
  filter(basin == "Indo-Pacific") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma_mean, parameters$slabs_Ind_Pac))

Cant_average_zonal <- bind_rows(Cant_average_zonal_Atl, Cant_average_zonal_Ind_Pac)

rm(Cant_average_zonal_Atl, Cant_average_zonal_Ind_Pac)

5.6 Mean Cant sections by coefficient

For each basin and era combination, the zonal mean Cant is calculated by model coefficient.

Cant_predictor_average <- full_join(Cant_predictor_average,
                                basinmask_AIP %>% select(-basin))

Cant_predictor_average_zonal <- Cant_predictor_average %>%
  fselect(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP,
          Cant_intercept:gamma) %>% 
  fgroup_by(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP) %>% {
   add_vars(fgroup_vars(.,"unique"),
            fmean(., keep.group_vars = FALSE))
  }


# Cant_predictor_average_zonal <- Cant_predictor_average %>%
#   group_by(lat, depth, eras, basin, basin_AIP) %>%
#   summarise(across(
#     Cant_intercept_mean:gamma_mean,
#     list(mean = ~ mean(.x, na.rm = TRUE))
#   )) %>%
#   ungroup()


Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Atl <- Cant_predictor_average_zonal %>% 
  filter(basin == "Atlantic") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Atl))

Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Ind_Pac <- Cant_predictor_average_zonal %>% 
  filter(basin == "Indo-Pacific") %>% 
  mutate(gamma_slab = cut(gamma, parameters$slabs_Ind_Pac))

Cant_predictor_average_zonal <- bind_rows(Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Atl, Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Ind_Pac)

rm(Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Atl, Cant_predictor_average_zonal_Ind_Pac)

5.7 Inventory calculation

To calculate Cant column inventories, we:

  1. Multiple layer thickness with Cant concentration to get a layer inventory
  2. For each horizontal grid cell and era, sum Cant layer inventories from 150 - 3000 m

Step 2 is performed again for all Cant and positive Cant values only

depth_level_volume <- tibble(depth = unique(Cant_average$depth)) %>% 
  arrange(depth)

depth_level_volume <- depth_level_volume %>%
  mutate(
    layer_thickness_above = replace_na((depth - lag(depth)) / 2, 0),
    layer_thickness_below = replace_na((lead(depth) - depth) / 2, 0),
    layer_thickness = layer_thickness_above + layer_thickness_below
  ) %>%
  select(-c(layer_thickness_above,
            layer_thickness_below))

Cant_average <-
  full_join(Cant_average, depth_level_volume)

Cant_average <- Cant_average %>%
  mutate(layer_inv = Cant * layer_thickness) %>%
  mutate(layer_inv_pos = if_else(layer_inv < 0, 0, layer_inv)) %>%
  select(-layer_thickness)

Cant_inv <- Cant_average %>%
  group_by(lon, lat, basin, eras) %>%
  summarise(
    cant_inv_pos = sum(layer_inv_pos, na.rm = TRUE) / 1000,
    cant_inv     = sum(layer_inv, na.rm = TRUE) / 1000
  ) %>%
  ungroup()

6 Write csv

# Cant %>%
#     write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
#                          "Cant.csv"))

Cant_average %>%
    write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
                         "Cant_average.csv"))

Cant_predictor_average %>%
    write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
                         "Cant_predictor_average.csv"))

Cant_average_zonal %>%
    write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
                         "Cant_average_zonal.csv"))

Cant_predictor_average_zonal %>%
    write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
                         "Cant_predictor_average_zonal.csv"))

Cant_inv %>%
    write_csv(here::here("data/mapping/_summarized_files",
                         "Cant_inv.csv"))

sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 18363)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_Germany.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_Germany.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_Germany.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C                    
[5] LC_TIME=English_Germany.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] collapse_1.3.2  seacarb_3.2.13  oce_1.2-0       gsw_1.0-5      
 [5] testthat_2.3.2  metR_0.7.0      forcats_0.5.0   stringr_1.4.0  
 [9] dplyr_1.0.0     purrr_0.3.4     readr_1.3.1     tidyr_1.1.0    
[13] tibble_3.0.3    ggplot2_3.3.2   tidyverse_1.3.0 workflowr_1.6.2

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] httr_1.4.2        viridisLite_0.3.0 jsonlite_1.7.0    here_0.1         
 [5] modelr_0.1.8      Formula_1.2-3     assertthat_0.2.1  blob_1.2.1       
 [9] cellranger_1.1.0  yaml_2.2.1        pillar_1.4.6      backports_1.1.8  
[13] lattice_0.20-41   glue_1.4.1        digest_0.6.25     promises_1.1.1   
[17] checkmate_2.0.0   rvest_0.3.6       colorspace_1.4-1  sandwich_2.5-1   
[21] htmltools_0.5.0   httpuv_1.5.4      Matrix_1.2-18     pkgconfig_2.0.3  
[25] broom_0.7.0       haven_2.3.1       xtable_1.8-4      scales_1.1.1     
[29] whisker_0.4       later_1.1.0.1     git2r_0.27.1      farver_2.0.3     
[33] generics_0.0.2    ellipsis_0.3.1    withr_2.2.0       cli_2.0.2        
[37] magrittr_1.5      crayon_1.3.4      readxl_1.3.1      evaluate_0.14    
[41] fs_1.4.2          fansi_0.4.1       xml2_1.3.2        tools_4.0.2      
[45] data.table_1.13.0 hms_0.5.3         lifecycle_0.2.0   munsell_0.5.0    
[49] reprex_0.3.0      isoband_0.2.2     compiler_4.0.2    lfe_2.8-5.1      
[53] rlang_0.4.7       grid_4.0.2        rstudioapi_0.11   labeling_0.3     
[57] rmarkdown_2.3     gtable_0.3.0      DBI_1.1.0         R6_2.4.1         
[61] zoo_1.8-8         lubridate_1.7.9   knitr_1.29        rprojroot_1.3-2  
[65] stringi_1.4.6     parallel_4.0.2    Rcpp_1.0.5        vctrs_0.3.2      
[69] dbplyr_1.4.4      tidyselect_1.1.0  xfun_0.16